| 2 | combustion code for Otto 2-Stroke-Cycle Piston engines. | British to American | |
| "A" Body | The letter Chevrolet used for the Chevelle/El Camino line | Around the world there are some differences in the words used to describe things in the automotive field. | |
| "B" Body | The letter Chevrolet used for the full size cars including, Impala, Impala SS, Caprice, Belair, Biscayne, etc. | Accumulator = battery, car battery | |
| "C" Body | The letter Chevrolet used for the 2 wheel drive truck line | Bonnet = hood | |
| "F" Body | The letter Chevrolet used for the Camaro line | Boot = trunk | |
| "G" Body | The letter Chevrolet used for the Monte Carlo line | Dynamo = generator | |
| "H" Body | The letter Chevrolet used for the Vega/Monza line | Earth wire = ground wire | |
| "K" Body | The letter Chevrolet used for the 4 wheel drive truck line | Follower or tappet = lifter (tappet also used in the US, mostly in reference to the type of cam, i.e. "flat tappet"). | |
| "X" Body | The letter Chevrolet used for the Chevy II/Nova line | Harmonic balancer/damper = crankshaft pulley | |
| "Y" Body | The letter Chevrolet used for the Corvette | Inlet manifold = intake manifold | |
| #1 condition | A car in show condition or perfect | Lorry = truck | |
| #2 condition | A car in excellent original condition showing minor wear/use or one with a quality restoration | Number plate = license plate | |
| #3 condition | A car that is a typical driver in good condition | Petrol = gasoline | |
| #4 condition | A car that runs well and is all there but considered a "beater" | Saloon = "sedan" or 4-door car | |
| #5 condition | A basket case or a car that is good for parts | "Semi" = duplex, duplex house; U.S. "semi" = tractor-trailer truck rig | |
| .030 Over | A term used when an engines cylinders have been enlarged or bored out .30 thousands of an inch over stock; can also be .010, .020, etc | Windscreen (automotive) = windshield | |
| 1 bbl | One barrel carburetor | Wing (older vehicles) = fender, bumper | |
| 1. 1G | Ford 1st-Generation alternator, which uses an external fan, a V-belt pulley, & a remote 5-pin voltage regulator with grounded case to produce 35-90A, typically used on carburetor engines until the mid-80s. Reliable, but weak. | ||
| 1st generation Camaro | A term used to identify 1967-1969 Camaro's | ||
| 2 bbl | Two barrel carburetor | ||
| 2 SPD | 2 speed transmission | ||
| 2-cycle | (slang) See Two-Stroke Cycle. | ||
| 2G | Ford 2nd-Generation alternator, which uses an external fan & external 3-pin voltage regulator to produce 60-100A, typically used on early fuel-injected engines from the mid-80s to the early 90s. Famous for catching fire, usually due to a poor connection at the rectifier. | ||
| 2nd generation Camaro | A term used to identify 1970-1981 Camaro's | ||
| 2-stroke | (slang) See Two-Stroke Cycle. | ||
| 2-stroke cycle | See Two-Stroke Cycle. | ||
| 2V | 1) 2 Valves per cylinder; 2) 2 Venturi (barrel) (carburetor/vacuum). | ||
| 2WD | 2 Wheel drive | ||
| 2WD | Two Wheel Drive. A powertrain system which delivers engine power to only one axle (either front or rear). AKA 4X2. Contrast RWD, AWD, FWD, 4WD. | ||
| 2X4 | Two-four barrel carburetors or 2 wheel drive | ||
| 3 duece's | Three two barrel carburetors | ||
| 3 SPD | 3 speed transmission | ||
| 3-2 Timing Solenoid (3-2TS) | A device that controls the timing valve. | ||
| 3G | Ford 3rd-Generation alternator, which uses an internal fan, multi-rib pulley, & external 3-pin voltage regulator (later versions only utilizing 2 of the pins) to produce 90-130A, used from the early 90s to the early 00s with much success. Noted for reliability & high output at all RPMs, and for being easy to retrofit into older vehicles. | ||
| 3rd generation Camaro | A term used to identify 1982-1992 Camaro's | ||
| 3X2 | Three two barrel carburetors | ||
| 4 bbl | Four barrel carburetor | ||
| 4 SPD | 4 speed transmission | ||
| 4-cycle | (slang) See Four-Stroke Cycle. | ||
| 4G | Ford 4th-Generation alternator, which uses an internal fan & 3-pin voltage regulator (only utilizing 2 of the pins), and a multi-rib pulley to produce 90-130A, used from the early 00s to the late 00s. | ||
| 4R100 | 4 speed, Rear wheel drive, 1000 lb-ft, electronic transmission, formerly known as E4OD. | ||
| 4R44E | 4 speed, Rear wheel drive, 440 lb-ft, Electronic transmission, derived from the C3/A4LD. | ||
| 4R55E | 4 speed, Rear wheel drive, 550 lb-ft, Electronic transmission, derived from the C3/A4LD. | ||
| 4R70W | 4 speed, Rear wheel drive, 700 lb-ft, Wide ratio electronic transmission, formerly known as AODE and AODE-W. | ||
| 4-stroke | (slang) See Four-Stroke Cycle. | ||
| 4-stroke cycle | See Four-Stroke Cycle. | ||
| 4th generation Camaro | A term used to identify 1993-present Camaro's | ||
| 4V | 1) 4 Valves per cylinder; 2) 4 Venturi (barrel) (carburetor/vacuum). | ||
| 4WD | 4 Wheel drive | ||
| 4WD | Four Wheel Drive. A powertrain system which delivers engine power to differentials in both (front & rear) axles. AKA 4X4. Contrast RWD, AWD, FWD, 2WD. | ||
| 4X2 | See 2WD. | ||
| 4X4 | Four wheel drive | ||
| 4X4 | See 4WD. | ||
| 4x4 Low (4x4L) | Indicates the 4x4 Low range of the transfer case has been selected. | ||
| 4x4L | 4x4 Low. | ||
| 4x4x2 | A power steering gear box for early Broncos made from a '75-79 4WD case and early '80s 2WD internals to get the proper direction. | ||
| 5G | Ford 5th-Generation alternator, which uses an internal fan & 3-pin voltage regulator under PCM control, and a multi-rib 1-way clutched pulley to produce 100-150A, used from the late 00s onward. | ||
| 5R110 | 5 speed, Rear wheel drive, 1100 lb-ft electronic truck transmission, derived from the C6/E4OD. | ||
| 5R55W | 5 speed, Rear wheel drive, 550 lb-ft, Wide-ratio electronic truck transmission, derived from the C3/A4LD. | ||
| 5th Wheel | see Fifth Wheel. | ||
| A | 1) Ampere; 2) combustion code for Other | ||
| A | Amperes | ||
| A.P.I. | Amercian Petroleum Institute | ||
| A/C | Air Conditioning. | ||
| A/C | Air Conditioning | ||
| A/CL | Air Cleaner (carburetor/vacuum) | ||
| A/CL BI MET | Air Cleaner BiMetallic valve (carburetor/vacuum) | ||
| A/CL DV | Air Cleaner Diverter Valve (carburetor/vacuum) | ||
| A/D | Analog-to-Digital signal conversion. | ||
| A/F | Air/Fuel Ratio | ||
| A/R | As required | ||
| A/T | Automatic Transmission/Transaxle. | ||
| A/T | Automatic Transmission/Transaxle | ||
| A-Arm | A suspension strut shaped like a horizontal "A", with the legs attached to the vehicle frame & the top attached by a ball joint to the steering knuckle. | ||
| ABRS | Air Bag Restraint System | ||
| ABS | Anti lock brake system | ||
| ABS | 1. Anti-lock Brake System; 2. A sensor, signal or circuit which supplies rear axle speed data either to the RABS (or RABS-II) module, the 4WABS module, the PSOM, &/or the EEC (for electronic automatic transmission control & return-to-idle). After processing by the 4WABS module &/or the PSOM, the signal is also fed to the VSC & the Bronco overhead console (for temperature adjustment); 3. A type of plastic. Compare PVC. | ||
| ABS | Anti Lock Brakes | ||
| Absolute Pressure | The pressure referenced to a perfect vacuum. Contrast gauge pressure, which references atmospheric pressure (~14.7psi above perfect vacuum). | ||
| AC | Alternating Current | ||
| AC, A.C. | Air conditioning | ||
| ACC | Air Conditioning Clutch. | ||
| Accordion | See Crumple Zone. | ||
| ACCS | Air Conditioning Cycling Switch. | ||
| ACCS | A/C Cycling Switch | ||
| ACCUM | Accumulator | ||
| ACCY | Accessory | ||
| ACD | Air Conditioning Demand. | ||
| ACET | Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature. AKA Evaporator Air Discharge Temperature | ||
| ACON | Air Conditioning On. | ||
| ACP | Air Conditioning Pressure. | ||
| ACPSW | Air Conditioning Pressure Switch. | ||
| ACT | Air Charge Temperature sensor. AKA IAT. | ||
| ACT | Air Charge Temperature Sensor | ||
| Actuator | A mechanism for moving or controlling something indirectly instead of by hand. | ||
| ACV | Air Control Valve (carburetor/vacuum) | ||
| Adaption | Adjustments to the operating strategy made by the PCM based on actual driving conditions & feedback. Adaptions are stored in KAM separate from DTCs & freeze frames. Clearing adaptions is a special function available only on certain scanners, but it also occurs if KAPWR or KAM fails. Without adaptions, the PCM operates on baseline PROM strategy until it relearns the adaptions, which typically requires varied driving over 10-20 miles. | ||
| ADV | Advance | ||
| Advance | 1) the quality or quantity of ignition timing BTDC; 2) an auto parts store chain. | ||
| AFB, Carter AFB | "Aluminum four barrel" A 4 barrel carburetor made by Carter | ||
| AFCM | Alternative Fuel Control Module. | ||
| AFR | Air Fuel Ratio (also see below) | ||
| A-Frame | A supporting structure used for lifting overhead loads. It may consist of a single "A"-shaped boom which pivots (as on inexpensive wreckers or on light-duty cranes), or 2 with a single beam between them to span a working area below. | ||
| AFS | Airflow Sensor | ||
| Aftermarket | 1. A general term for the industry that produces non-original parts for vehicles; see SEMA. 2. Non-original vehicle parts. Contrast Direct-Replacement. | ||
| Ah | Amp hours | ||
| AI | Air Injection | ||
| AIR | Secondary Air Injection. | ||
| AIR BPV | Air ByPass Valve. AKA TAB (carburetor/vacuum) | ||
| Air Conditioning (A/C) | A vehicular accessory refrigeration system that modifies the passenger compartment air by cooling and drying the air using a belt-driven compressor with magnetic clutch, a condenser with fan, an orifice or expansion valve, an evaporator within an air handler, an accumulator/drier with dessicant, and various sensors & switches. As the refrigerant gas is compressed, its temperature rises, and it flows as a hot high-pressure gas into the condenser. The external airflow created by the fan cools the refrigerant (carrying heat away) so that it condenses to a warm high-pressure liquid. This liquid flows through the orifice tube or expansion valve, which creates a sudden pressure drop. The low-pressure liquid boils & becomes cold, collecting heat from the evaporator core, which in turn gets heat from the air within the passenger cabin. The cool low-pressure gas & liquid mix flows into the accumulator where any water is absorbed by the dessicant. The accumulator is designed to allow only gas to flow out & return to the compressor to repeat the cycle. If the cabin temperature is too low to boil the refrigerant, the low-side pressure falls below ~20psi, breaking the circuit to the compressor clutch. This prevents ice from forming on the evaporator AND prevents the system from ever dropping below atmospheric pressure, which could pull in contaminants. Early systems used R-12, but all systems now use R-134a. | ||
| Air Conditioning Clutch (ACC) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates status of the A/C clutch. | ||
| Air Conditioning Cycling Switch (ACCS) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates status of the A/C cycling switch. | ||
| Air Conditioning Demand (ACD) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates status of the A/C demand switch. | ||
| Air Conditioning On (ACON) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates status of the A/C system. | ||
| Air Conditioning Pressure (ACP) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates pressure in the A/C system. | ||
| Air Conditioning Pressure Switch (ACPSW) | A switch used for additional A/C system pressure control. Also referred to as the refrigerant containment/fan function switch. | ||
| Air Injection | One method of reducing harmful exhaust emissions by injecting air into each of the exhaust ports of an engine. The fresh air entering the hot exhaust manifold causes any remaining fuel to be burned before it can exit the tailpipe. | ||
| AIR or A.I.R. | Air Injection Reactor | ||
| AIR, A.I.R. | Air injection reactor | ||
| Air/fuel ratio | The ratio of air to gasoline by weight in the fuel mixture drawn into the engine. | ||
| Air/Fuel Ratio | Air to fuel mixture ratio; 14.7 1 is also called stoichiometry. This value is monitored & stored by the PCM as the LAMBSE PID. | ||
| AIRB | Secondary Air Injection Bypass. AKA TAB | ||
| AIRD | Secondary Air Injection Diverter. AKA TAD | ||
| Air-to-Air (A2A) | a heat exchanger such as an intercooler for a forced-induction system. | ||
| AIS | Air Injection System | ||
| AKA | also known as. | ||
| Al | Aluminum. | ||
| ALDL | Assembly Line Data Link | ||
| Allen Key or Allen Wrench | A hardened driver whose functional end (if not the entire tool) is a male hex. Contrast Torx. | ||
| alt, Alt, Alternator | A device used for converting mechanical energy into electical energy. | ||
| Alt. | Alternator or Altitude | ||
| Alternator | A term trademarked by Chrysler Corporation. See Generator. | ||
| ALVW | Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight, defined by (Curb Weight + GVWR)/2, or Curb Weight + (Payload/2). | ||
| Ambient Temperature | Temperature of the air surrounding an object. | ||
| AMG | 1) mega fuse; 2) a German customizing company for BMW & Mercedes; 3) American Motors General, the manufacturing consortium for many US military vehicles | ||
| Ammeter | An instrument calibrated in amperes. It is used to measure the flow of an electrical current in a circuit. | ||
| Amp | 1) Amplifier; 2) (slang) Ampere | ||
| Amp | /amp/amps: Ampere | ||
| Ampere | The rate of flow of electrical current present when one volt of electrical pressure is applied against one ohm of electrical resistance. | ||
| Ampere (A or i) | the standard unit of measure for electrical current. It represents a specific number of electrons flowing past a given point per second, analogous to the flow rate of water. | ||
| AN Fittings | Army/Navy fittings; a shape & sizing convention used on many military vehicles, and popular on modified civilian vehicles for its reliability & interchangeability. Sizes are preceded by a minus sign and represent the inside diameter in INCHES times 16 (-AN = inch x 16), so a -6AN fitting is 6/16" or 3/8" ID. | ||
| Anaerobic | a chemical (usually an adhesive or sealant) that cures without being exposed to air, such as epoxy. | ||
| Analog | 1. An electrical signal that can attain any value within the voltage limits of the signal, OR a mechanical display capable of any intermediate value. Contrast Digital 2. A substitue or simulation that functions similarly to the actual item. | ||
| Analog Meter | A handheld tool with an analog (needle) display for measuring various characteristics of electrical/electronic circuits & components. Contrast DMM. | ||
| Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) | An electro-hydraulic system which prevents wheel lockup during an emergency stop by modulating brake pressure. Allows the driver to maintain steering control and stop the vehicle in the shortest possible distance under most conditions. Several versions exist including RABS, RABS-II, 3-channel 4WABS, 4-channel 4WABS, TA, & TC. | ||
| AOD | Automatic Overdrive transmission, derived from the FMX. It evolved into the AODE, 4R70W, 4R44E, 4R55E, 5R55W. | ||
| AODE | Automatic Overdrive Electronic transmission, derived from the AOD (FMX). It evolved into the 4R70W, 4R44E, 4R55E, 5R55W. AKA AODE-W. | ||
| A-Pillar | The front-most body structure for supporting the roof of a vehicle. Subsequent pillars are designated "B", "C", etc. | ||
| APM | mini blade fuse. AKA ATM. | ||
| APPS | Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor | ||
| APR | standard or regular blade fuse. AKA ATC, ATO. | ||
| APS | micro or mini low-profile blade fuse. AKA ATM. | ||
| APS | Absolute Pressure Sensor | ||
| APX | maxi blade fuse. | ||
| ARB | An aftermarket manufacturer of bumpers & a pneumatic selectable-locking differential. Compare E-Locker. | ||
| ARC | Automatic Ride Control. | ||
| armature | A laminated soft iron core wrapped by a wire that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy as in a motor or relay. | ||
| ARS | Air restraint system. (air bags) | ||
| Articulation | Movement of the suspension, especially to its extremes (front & rear suspensions in opposite directions) when off-roading. | ||
| ASCII | American Standard Code for Information Interchange; a standardized digital binary code of letters, numbers, & symbols used in most computers. | ||
| ASCS | Air Suction Control Solenoid | ||
| ASD | Auto Shutdown | ||
| ASDM | Air Bag System Diagnostic Module | ||
| ASE | Automotive service excellence | ||
| ASE | Automotive Service Excellence; an organization that establishes & maintains standards in the auto service industry, most notably by adminstering tests for technicians & other auto service personnel. | ||
| ASME | American society of mechanical engineers | ||
| ASSY, assy | Assembly | ||
| ASV | Air Suction Valve | ||
| AT, auto, Auto | Automatic transmission | ||
| ATC | standard or regular blade fuse. AKA APR, ATO. | ||
| ATC | Automatic Temperature Control | ||
| ATDC | After Top Dead Center; a time or angle of a given crankshaft lobe (usually #1) just after it has aligned with its connecting rod, and the piston is moving toward the crankshaft. | ||
| ATDC | After Top Dead Center | ||
| ATF | Type A, Type F, Mercon (I-V), MerconSP, MerconLV, FNR5, CVT, Dexron (I-V), ATF+2, ATF+3, ATF+4. Automatic Transmission Fluid; any of several non-compatible types of hydraulic oil, used in automatic transmissions, power steering systems, hydraulic brake boosters, manual transmissions, & transfer cases. Examples include | ||
| ATF | Automatic Transmission Fluid | ||
| ATM | mini, micro, or mini low-profile blade fuse. AKA APM, APS. | ||
| ATO | standard or regular blade fuse. AKA ATC, APR. | ||
| atomization | The breaking down of a liquid into a fine mist that can be suspended in air. | ||
| ATS | Air Temperature Sensor | ||
| Automatic Ride Control (ARC) | A system that automatically adjusts the suspension system to accommodate varying road and driving conditions. | ||
| Averaging Bank/Trade | Used for Nox Credits on Heavy Duty Trucks Only. | ||
| AWD | All Wheel drive | ||
| AWD | All Wheel Drive. A powertrain system which delivers engine power through a differential in the transfer case to differentials in each axle. Some newer cheap AWD systems use a viscous coupling between the front & rear axles instead of a differential. Contrast RWD, FWD, 4WD, 2WD. | ||
| AWD | All Wheel Drive | ||
| AWG | American Wire Gauge; a number representing the effective cross-sectional area of an electrical conductor. The standard scale ranges from 0000 (0.460", ~12 mm) to 36 (0.005", ~0.13 mm) in 39 steps, with each higher gauge having 0.890526 the area of the preceding gauge. Stranded wire has a larger actual cross-section than solid wire of the same gauge due to the air spaces between the strands. | ||
| AX4N | Automatic 4 speed Non-synchronous transaxle (front-wheel drive). | ||
| AX4S | Automatic 4-speed Synchronous transaxle (front-wheel drive). | ||
| axial play | Movement parallel to a shaft of bearing bore. | ||
| Axle | A structure which bears the weight of a chassis onto wheels, through bearings & hubs. Driven axles also contain mechanisms to transmit torque to the hubs. Steering axles further contain mechanisms to allow the wheels to swivel. Axles may be solid (monobeam) or independent. Each hub may be attached to 1 or 2 wheels. | ||
| Axle Wrap | A condition that affects leaf spring solid axle suspensions in which the spring pack isn't strong enough to withstand the torque under hard acceleration, and it flexes into an "S", slightly wrapping around the axle tube. Eventually, the tire breaks free, the torque is released violently, and the driveline suffers (usually catastrophic) impacts as the tires bounce and catch. There are several ways to reduce or eliminate the condition, including stronger springs, traction bars, or a multi-link suspension. | ||
| B/P | Backpressure | ||
| B+ | Battery Positive Voltage. | ||
| B+ | Battery Positive Voltage | ||
| BA | Belair | ||
| BAC | By Pass Air Control | ||
| back pressure | Restrictions in the exhaust system that slow the exit of exhaust gases from the combustion chamber. | ||
| backfire | The sudden combustion of gases in the intake or exhaust system that results in a loud explosion. | ||
| Backfire | Combustion that occurs in the intake, causing flame & noise to emanate from the throttle. It can be caused by incorrect valve or ignition timing, a lean mixture, or fuel leaks. It can damage the carburetor, the throttle plates, sensors, the intake ductwork, anything under the hood, the hood, or even start a fire. | ||
| backlash | The clearance of play between two parts such as meshed gears. | ||
| Backout | a failure of a terminal to remain mechanically in-place within its connector shell. The terminal is pushed back within the shell, preventing it from making good contact with the mating terminal, resulting in an open circuit, or intermittent open circuit, or high resistance. | ||
| Backspace (wheel offset) | This is the distance from the rear mounting surface of the wheel to the rear edge of the rim. Example | ||
| Back-tap | A special tap used for chasing damaged threads. Its cutting edges compress so the tool can be inserted past the damage, and then expanded to engage the good threads before working backward out of the hole. | ||
| Balanced | An engine that has had the weights of it's internal moving parts (such as pistons) matched. | ||
| Ball Joint (BJ) | A spherical joint used mainly to connect a steering knuckle to a suspension arm; it has largely replaced the kingpin since it eases design & manufacture, and it allows fine & coarse adjustments for wheel alignment. | ||
| BAP | Barometric Absolute Pressure Sensor | ||
| BARO | Barometric Pressure. | ||
| BARO | Barometric | ||
| Barometric Pressure (BARO) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates the pressure of the surrounding air at any given temperature and altitude. See MAP. | ||
| Barrel Roll | A side roll all the way back onto the wheels at least once. | ||
| Base Idle | Idle rpm determined by the throttle lever hardset on the throttle body with the IAC solenoid disconnected. It is preset at the factory & should never be adjusted. | ||
| Base Timing | Spark advance in degrees before top dead center of the base engine without any control from the PCM or ICM (EFI), or any vacuum- or centrifugal advance (carb). | ||
| BAT, BATT | Battery | ||
| Batt. | Battery | ||
| BATTEMP | Battery Temperature. | ||
| Battery | An electrical storage device designed to produce a DC voltage by means of an electrochemical reaction. Common automotive batteries develop ~13.2VDC using six 2.2V lead & sulfuric acid cells, with the negative (-) terminal grounded to the chassis, body, & engine. | ||
| Battery Positive Voltage (B+) | The voltage from the battery positive post or any circuit connected directly to the battery, relative to the battery negative post, or chassis ground. Compare VPWR, VREF. | ||
| Battery Saver | a circuit for key-off accessories controlled by a module to disable the circuit after a preset time (usually 15 minutes). Compare Retained Accessory Power. | ||
| BBC, bbc | Big block Chevy engine | ||
| BBL | Barrel (carburetor/vacuum). Compare Venturi. | ||
| bbl, BBL | barrel (carburetor) | ||
| Bbl. | Barrel (Example: 4 Bbl.) | ||
| BCCC, BC/CC, B.C.C.C. | Base Coat, Clear Coat. A Urethane paint with a clear coat over it | ||
| BCI | Battery Council International, a non-profit trade organization that establishes standards for autmotive batteries; particularly, physical sizes. | ||
| BCM | Body Control Module - an electronic component that generally controls systems unrelated to the powertrain. AKA GEM, BSM, CSM... | ||
| BCM | Body Control Module | ||
| Bench-Testing | 1) testing a part or system on a fixture that simulates normal use; 2) (slang) guessing about the way something will work. | ||
| Bendix | 1) A manufacturer of OE & direct-replacement auto parts; 2) (slang) A one-way starter drive gear. | ||
| Bevel Gears | A common gear design resulting in an angled drive. The radial gear teeth are on an angled surface (like a truncated cone), and their axes intersect where the tips of the cones would be, typically in a right angle. Contrast Helical, Herringbone, Hypoid, Spur, Worm. | ||
| BFH | (slang) Big F*****g Hammer. | ||
| BHP | Brake Horsepower | ||
| BI | fuel code for Other Bi-Fuel | ||
| Bigblock | An engine family of varying displacements that share some parts & characteristics, most of which have higher displacement than most of those in another family of engines from the same manufacturer within the same model year range. Contrast Smallblock, Short Block, Long Block. | ||
| Billet | A dense form of metal (usually Aluminum) made by mechanically compressing a cast ingot to eliminate any internal pores, and then re-heating (annealing) it to relieve internal stress & re-crystallize it. | ||
| Binary | a simple numbering system using only two possible characters (usually 0 & 1) in each digit. "Bi-" means two. The binary representation of one is "1" or "00000001" (any amount of preceding 0s); two is "10"; three is "11"; nine is "1001"; fourteen is "1110". 8-bit binary contains 8 digits per value (byte, word); 16-bit contains 16 characters per value, so two in 16-bit binary is "0000000000000010". | ||
| Bit | a digital position within a numeral, capable of containing any valid character used in that numbering system. | ||
| BJB | Battery Junction Box. | ||
| Bk | Black wire or vacuum line. | ||
| BL | Body Lift. | ||
| Blade Fuse | A plastic-encased flat fuse with parallel flat terminals that replaced the glass tube fuse in the early 80s. Sizes are APS/ATM Low Profile/Micro, APM/ATM Mini, APR/ATC/ATO Blade, and APX/Maxi, ranging from 0.5A to 150A. | ||
| Blinker Fluid | A joke among mechanics & gearheads to detect amateurs. See KaleCo Automotive. | ||
| Block Test | See Dissolved Gas Test. | ||
| Blower (BLR) | A device designed to supply a current of air at a moderate pressure, typically through a ventilation system. It usually consists of an impeller assembly, a motor and a suitable case. The blower case may also function as part of the ventilation system and contain diverter doors and other apparatus. | ||
| BLR | Blower. | ||
| Blue Wrench | (slang) a torch, because of its blue flame. AKA Red Wrench because it makes things red-hot. | ||
| BMAP | Barometric and Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor | ||
| BMC * | Brake master cylinder | ||
| Bn | Brown wire or vacuum line. | ||
| Body Lift (BL) | The modification of a vehicle's ride height by spacing the body up from the frame, usually to allow for larger tires. It does not increase ground clearance, suspension travel, or approach/breakover/departure angles. It increases body sway, and the danger of the body shifting on the frame during a collision. Steering & shifting linkages usually must be adjusted, and hoses lengthened. See Lift. Contrast Tire Lift, Suspension Lift. | ||
| Body Mount | a rubber isolator (sometimes with steel sleeves) between the frame & cab. AKA Cab Mount. | ||
| Bolt | A medium- or heavy-duty machine-threaded fastener, generally with a hex head to be driven by a wrench into either a threaded hole or a nut. See Grade. Contrast Screw. | ||
| BOO | Brake On Off Switch | ||
| Boom | A low resonant sound, like a drum roll or distant thunder. | ||
| Booster Cables | A pair of light or medium wires with a connector or clamps capable of supplying under 120A from one vehicle to another for the purpose of recharging a weak battery over several minutes before attempting to crank the engine. Contrast Jumper Cables. | ||
| Booster Pack | See Jumper Battery. | ||
| BOP, B.O.P. | Buick, Oldsmobile, Pontiac. | ||
| Bored, Bored out | An engines cylinders have been enlarged or bored out. Also see; .030 over, punched | ||
| Bowtie | A Chevrolet car | ||
| Box Van | A modified vehicle body using the cab & hood of a van or light truck, with a simple enclosed cargo box conjoined, like most ambulances. | ||
| Boxed or Boxed Frame | A frame constructed of hollow tubular members, as opposed to open channel members. It may be designed that way, or the result of adding material to a channel frame to enclose the members. Early Broncos & most Land Rovers have fully-boxed frames from the factory. '80-96 F-series & Broncos are only factory-boxed between the front bumper and the back of the first crossmember. | ||
| BPA | Bypass Air; see IAC. | ||
| BPA-ISC | Bypass Air Idle Speed Control solenoid; see IAC. | ||
| BPH | Ball-Peen Hammer; a steel hammer with one flat face & one hemispherical face for peening rivets, and other metalwork. | ||
| BPP | Brake Pedal Position. | ||
| BPS | Barometric Pressure Sensor | ||
| BPT | Backpressure Transducer | ||
| Br | Brown wire or vacuum line. | ||
| Brake On/Off (BOO) | A binary switch which indicates the position of the brake pedal &/or activates the brake lights. It may also perform other functions. Compare BPP, Stop Lamp Switch. | ||
| Brake or Brakes | 1) a system for slowing a moving vehicle, or holding it stationary; 2) the pedal, lever, or other mechanical components to control such a system; 3) the friction components of such a system. | ||
| Brake Pedal Position (BPP) | A multi-contact or analog sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates the position of the brake pedal for use by the traction control &/or restraint systems. Compare BOO. | ||
| Break | 1) to fail, fracture, or shatter; 2) to free, loosen, or unseize. | ||
| Breakout Box | A service tool that "tees" between the PCM and the matching harness connector. The breakout box contains test pins that can be probed for EEC system testing without the risk of damage to the EEC, its wiring, or its connector by direct probing. | ||
| BRG * | Bearing | ||
| Brinelling | the process by which bearings damage their own races due to LACK of movement under high loading. The race develops an imprint of the loaded bearing, resulting in looseness, noise, and accelerated wear. | ||
| BRKT, brkt * | Bracket | ||
| BSM | Body Security Module, AKA BCM, CSM, GEM... | ||
| BTDC | Before Top Dead Center; a time or angle of a given crankshaft lobe (usually #1) just before it has aligned with its connecting rod, and the piston is approaching its maximum distance from the crankshaft. Ignition spark usually occurs during this phase. | ||
| BTDC | Before Top Dead Center | ||
| BTM | Bottom | ||
| BTU | British Thermal Unit | ||
| Bu | Blue wire or vacuum line. | ||
| Build Sheet | A sheet that was used by assembly line workers to build the car. This sheet listed options and also the original dealer that sold the car. | ||
| Bumpstick | Camshaft | ||
| Bus positive or negative (Bus+ or -) | Circuits that carry data to & from the various modules on a network, & the DLC. | ||
| Bus+ or - | Bus positive or negative. | ||
| Buzz | A steady low-pitched noise, typically accompanied by a vibration. | ||
| BV | Bowl Vent (carburetor/vacuum) | ||
| BW 1345 | A rare chain-driven 4WD (no internal differential) part-time 2-speed transfer case built by Borg-Warner with a fixed front yoke output on the L side. It replaced the NP 208F for a few years in heavy-duty light trucks until it was replaced by the 1356, and was always built with a fixed rear output yoke. | ||
| BW 1356 | A common chain-driven 4WD (no internal differential) part-time 2-speed transfer case built by Borg-Warner with a fixed front yoke output on the L side & a magnesium-alloy case. It replaced the NP 208F & BW 1342, and was built in several configurations manual-shift/ESOF; with PTO (Aluminum front case)/without; with/without speedo gear bore; fixed/slip rear output; yoke/companion flange fixed rear output. It was used in 1/2-ton pickups & Broncos, and F350s w/PSTD, so it's a VERY strong box. | ||
| Byte | a group of bits (usually 8 or 16, though modern PCs are 32- or 64-bit) interpreted & processed as a single value. A numeric "word". | ||
| C | 1) Chemical symbol for Carbon; 2) fuel code for CNG. | ||
| C | Celsius (Degrees) | ||
| C.I.D. | Cubic inch displacement | ||
| Cab or Cabin | The passenger compartment of any vehicle or equipment; cab usually refers to trucks & equipment to distinguish from the detached cargo bed or working appendages; cabin usually to cars & SUVs to distinguish from the integral engine bay &/or cargo trunk, but not from an integral interior or convertible cargo bed (wagon bodies). | ||
| CAC | Charge Air Cooler. Formerly known as Intercooler. A device which lowers the temperature of pressurized intake air. | ||
| CAFE | Corporate Average Fuel Economy. A set of federal requirements and regulations which govern fuel economy standards for all motor vehicles produced by one corporate entity. | ||
| California Air Resources Board (CARB) | a governing body of California which establishes air pollution laws. | ||
| Camshaft | A shaft on which phased cams are cut or mounted. The cams regulate the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves in the head(s). See also OHC, OHV, VVT. | ||
| Camshaft Position (CMP) | A sensor or signal which indicates camshaft position. | ||
| CAN | Controller Area Network | ||
| Canister (Carbon or Charcoal) | An evaporative emissions system component which contains activated charcoal which absorbs fuel vapors and holds them until the vapors can be purged into the intake to be burned in the engine. | ||
| Canister Purge (CANP) | A circuit or solenoid valve which controls airflow through the carbon canister into the intake manifold. | ||
| Canister Vent (CV or CANVNT) | A circuit or solenoid valve which controls airflow between the carbon canister and the atmosphere. | ||
| CANP | Canister Purge | ||
| carb | Carburetor | ||
| Carb | (slang) Carburetor | ||
| CARB | California Air Resources Board | ||
| Cardan Joint | A type of universal joint consisting of 2 shafts at right angles connecting 2 yokes. AKA Hooks Joint | ||
| Cardone | An aftermarket parts remanufacturer (A1 Cardone). | ||
| CAS | Crank Angle Sensor | ||
| Cascade Failure | a progressive (and usually catastrophic) failure sequence, beginning with a single (usually minor) failure that triggers several more, each which may trigger several more, and so on. | ||
| Case Ground (CSE GND) | PCM case ground circuit or terminal. | ||
| CAT | Catalytic converter | ||
| CAT | Catalytic Converter | ||
| Catalytic Convertor | An in-line exhaust system device used to reduce the level of engine exhaust emissions by the use of catalysts (chemicals which cause chemical reactions without being consumed in those reactions). Most catalysts are deactivated by Lead, which is why unleaded fuel was introduced. Some cause HC to be oxidized; some cause NOx to be reduced; some convert other pollutants into non-toxic compounds. | ||
| CB | Circuit Breaker | ||
| CBD | Closed Bowl Distributor | ||
| CC | Cruise control | ||
| CC | 1) cubic centimeter; 2) the process of measuring the precise volume of a cylinder head by draining water from a graduated cylinder into the combustion chamber, so called because most graduated cylinders are graduated in ccs. | ||
| CC | cubic centimeter | ||
| CCA | Cold cranking amps | ||
| CCC | Computer Command Control | ||
| CCD | Computer Controlled Dwell | ||
| CCM | Comprehensive Component Monitor. | ||
| CCOT | Cycling Clutch Orifice Tube | ||
| CCS, C.C.S. | Controlled combustion system | ||
| CCW | Counterclockwise | ||
| CD | 1) Compact Disc - any of several types of 5 inch optical medium for audio in the CDA format, or video in the VCD, SVCD, DVD, DVD-DL, HDDVD, or BD formats, or for data in any digital format; 2) Coil Driver. | ||
| CD4E | CD class vehicle, 4 speed, Electronic transmission. | ||
| CDI | Capacitor Discharge Ignition | ||
| CEC | Computerized Engine Control | ||
| CEC, C.E.C. | Combined emission control | ||
| Centralized Testing Facility | A state government inspection/maintenance (IM) and safety station. | ||
| CFM | Cubic Feet per Minute | ||
| Chain(s) | 1) A steel recovery chain; 2) tire chains; 3) a timing or transfer case chain. | ||
| Chase (Threads) | to repair machine threads by reforming or recutting with a tap, die, file, or rethreading tools; to clean machine threads by running mating threads over them while rinsing with oil. | ||
| Chassis | The working components of a vehicle, not including the body or its wiring. | ||
| Check Engine Light (CEL) | A warning light used to indicate a fault has been detected either in the engine, transmission, or emissions systems. Some can be triggered to flash out fault codes. AKA MIL. | ||
| CID | Cubic Inch Displacement | ||
| Circuit | 1) A complete electrical path or channel, usually including the source of electrical energy; 2) the electrical path (wire) between two or more components; 3) an analogous condouit for fluids, as in hydraulic or pneumatic controls. | ||
| Citizens Band (CB) | 1) A band of low radio frequencies deregulated by the FCC for civilian use; 2) A radio which operates in that band. | ||
| CKP | Crankshaft Position Sensor | ||
| Clean Tach Output (CTO) | A signal or circuit used to drive the instrument panel tachometer. | ||
| Closed Loop (CL) | An operating mode which manages outputs based on sensor feedback. Contrast Open Loop. | ||
| Clutch | A mechanism for connecting & disconnecting 2 rotating assemblies or shafts, such as an engine & transmission, or a pulley & compressor. | ||
| CM | Centimeter | ||
| CMP | Camshaft Position Sensor | ||
| CMVSS | Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. | ||
| CNG | Compressed Natural Gas. See Natural Gas. Compare LNG; contrast LPG. | ||
| CO | Carbon Monoxide. | ||
| CO | Carbon Monoxide | ||
| CO2 | Carbon Dioxide. | ||
| CO2 | Carbon Dioxide | ||
| Coast Clutch Solenoid (CCS) | Controls the application and release of the coast clutch in the transmission. | ||
| Coil | 1) A device consisting of conductors wrapped around a magnetizable core, often used to increase the voltage in a spark ignition system; 2) a coil spring. | ||
| Cold Soak | Time given to a vehicle to sit at a low temperature (typically below 68° F / 20° C) until the temperature of external and internal components stabilize. | ||
| Cold-Rolled or Cold-Formed | A metal part which has been reshaped (OTHER than by cutting or hammering) below its eutectic temperature, resulting in internal stresses & work-hardening. Contrast Hot-Rolled, Hot-Formed, Annealed. | ||
| Combo | a small module attached to '87-91 truck instrument clusters which triggers an EMISSIONS warning light. It serves no purpose since no supplier (including Ford) ever made the parts it was intended to indicate were due for replacement. | ||
| COMP | Compressor | ||
| Compression Ratio (CR) | the ratio of the volume of the compression chamber to that PLUS the piston's displacement. Most engines are built for approximately 81; high-performance engines are around 91; diesels are above 111. Deposits in the combustion chamber or on the pistons will raise the CR, sometimes to levels that will damage the engine. Com | ||
| Compression Test | a basic procedure for checking the general condition of an engine by measuring each cylinder's ability to create pressure, and then comparing those numbers to each other (NOT to any fixed standard). Most engines are considered passing if the lowest cylinder is >75% of the highest, and adjacent cylinders are within 20%. Initially, the test is performed with the cyinders empty (dry); if there's a failing cylinder, it is retested with engine oil added (wet). Compare Leakdown Test. | ||
| Compressor | A pump that takes in relatively low-pressure gas and releases very high-pressure gas at low flow rates, usually to be condensed into a liquid after passing through an heat exchanger (intercooler or condenser). | ||
| Computed Timing | The total spark advance in degrees before top dead center; equal to base timing plus/minus an additional factor calculated by the PCM based on input from a number of sensors. | ||
| Computer Controlled Dwell (CCD) | A variant of the TFI-IV ignition system in which the EEC processes several signals into the SPOUT, and the ICM uses both the rising & falling edges of that signal to control both ignition timing AND dwell. Contrast Push-Start. | ||
| Constant Control Relay Module (CCRM) | A relay module that provides on-off control of various EEC components. | ||
| Cont. | Continued | ||
| Continuous Duty | In operation without interruption. Some devices (usually electrical relays, solenoids, & motors) are designed only for intermittent use; others can tolerate constant on-time, without overheating or wearing out prematurely. | ||
| Continuous Memory (CM or CONT) | The portion of KAM used to store DTCs generated during the Continuous Memory Self-Test. | ||
| Continuous Memory Self-Test | A continuous test of the EEC system conducted by the PCM whenever it is operating. | ||
| Control | A means or device which directs and regulates a process, machine, apparatus, or system. | ||
| CONV | Convertible | ||
| Conv, conv | Convertible | ||
| Coolant | A fluid used for heat transfer; typically water. Coolants usually contain additives such as rust inhibitors and antifreeze/antiboil agents like ethylene glycol. They may also contain bittering agents to discourage consumption since most additives are toxic and sweet. | ||
| COP | Coil On Plug Ignition | ||
| copo, COPO, C.O.P.O | Central office production ordered | ||
| CP | Canister Purge | ||
| cp, cpe, Cpe | Coupe | ||
| CPI | Central Port Injection | ||
| CPP | Clutch Pedal Position sensor, switch, or circuit. | ||
| CPU | Central Processing Unit | ||
| CQIS | Common Quality Indicator System. | ||
| crank | Crankshaft | ||
| Crankshaft | The part of an engine which converts the reciprocating motion of the pistons to rotary motion, and connects to the transmission. It also usually drives the engine accessories. | ||
| Crankshaft Position (CKP) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates crankshaft position. | ||
| Cryogenic | Any process involving temperatures significantly below 0F; often involving liquid Nitrogen or dry ice. | ||
| CSSA | Cold Start Spark Advance | ||
| CSSH | Cold Start Spark Hold | ||
| CST | Custom Sport Truck | ||
| CTS | Coolant Temperature Sensor | ||
| CTVS | Choke Thermal Vacuum Switch | ||
| cu, cu.in, C.I. | Cubic inch | ||
| Cu. In. | Cubic Inch | ||
| Curb Idle | The idle rpm when the engine is at normal steady-state operating conditions. | ||
| Curb weight | Weight of empty vehicle ready to drive. It is the shipping weight plus weight of gasoline and antifreeze. | ||
| CV | Check Valve or Constant Velocity | ||
| CVC | Constant Vacuum Control | ||
| CVCC | Controlled Vortex Combustion Chamber | ||
| CVR | Control Vacuum Regulator | ||
| CVVT | Continuous Variable Valve Timing | ||
| CW | Clockwise | ||
| CYL or Cyl. | Cylinder | ||
| Cyl, cyl | Cylinder | ||
| Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates the temperature of the engine cylinder head. | ||
| Cylinder Identification (CID) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which provides crankshaft or camshaft position information for fuel injection synchronization. | ||
| D | 1) Drain (ammeter or Alt gauge) indicates the alternator is supplying LESS current than the vehicle is consuming, so the battery is discharging; 2) combustion code for Diesel Cycle; 3) fuel code for Diesel | ||
| D | Drive | ||
| D.O.T. | Department of transportation | ||
| Daily Driver (DD) | A vehicle comfortable & reliable enough to be used every day for commuting, but which isn't necessarily suited to work (hauling/towing) or play (off-roading). Compare Grocery-Getter, Weekend Warrior. | ||
| Dashpot | A vacuum diaphragm that controls the throttle stop &/or closing speed to assist with idle control and reduce run-on (carburetor/vacuum) | ||
| Data | General term for information, usually that has been simplified into numbers, letters, or symbols. | ||
| Data Link Connector (DLC) | J1962 or EEC-IV connector providing access and/or control of the vehicle information, operating conditions, and diagnostic information. | ||
| Data Output Line (DOL) | A circuit that sends certain information from the PCM to the instrument cluster. | ||
| Data Positive or Negative (DATA+ or DATA-) | Circuits that carry data to the DLC, Message Center, or VCRM. | ||
| DATA+ or DATA- | Data Positive or Negative. | ||
| Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) | A system that keeps the vehicle headlamps on at all times (though often at reduced power & without marker lamps) while the vehicle is operating. | ||
| Db | Decibel, a logarithmic measurment of sound intensity. | ||
| DB | Dark Blue wire or vacuum line. | ||
| dB | Decibels | ||
| DC | 1) Direct Current. Electric current flowing in one direction, as from a battery; 2) Duty Cycle. The ratio of ON time versus the sum of ON & OFF times, expressed in percent. | ||
| DC | Direct Current Or Discharge | ||
| DCL | Data Communication Link. See Data Link Connector. | ||
| DD | 1) Direct Drive; 2) Drunk Driving; 3) Daily Driver. | ||
| DDD | Dual Diaphragm Distributor | ||
| DDM | Driver's Door Module - an electronic component that controls systems related to the driver's door, including PL, PW, OTD, KE, RKE. | ||
| Decimal | a common numbering system using ten possible characters in each digit, based on human fingers. "Deci-" means ten. | ||
| DEF | 1) Defroster; 2) Diesel Emissions Fluid 32.5% urea + 67.5% deionized water injected into diesel exhaust to reduce NOx emissions. | ||
| Def. | Defrost | ||
| DEFI | Digital Electronic Fuel Injection | ||
| Defog. | Defogger | ||
| Defroster (DEF) | An electrically heated device designed to remove ice, frost or snow from the rear window of the vehicle. | ||
| DERM | Diagnostic Energy Reserve Module | ||
| Detonation | See Knock. | ||
| Detroit Locker | An aftermarket locking differential famous for reliability & robustness, now manufactured by Eaton. | ||
| DFI | Digital Fuel Injection | ||
| DFR | Dual-Function Reservoir | ||
| DFS | Deceleration Fuel Shutoff | ||
| DG | Dark Green wire or vacuum line. | ||
| DI | 1) Distributor Ignition, see TFI-IV; 2) Direct Injection. | ||
| Diag. | Diagnostic | ||
| Diagnostic Test Mode (DTM) | A level of capability in an On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) system. This may include different functional states to observe signals, a base level to read Diagnostic Trouble Codes, a monitor level which includes information on signal levels, bi-directional control with on/off board aids, and the ability to interface with remote diagnosis. | ||
| Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) | An alpha/numeric identifier for a fault condition identified by the On-Board Diagnostic System. | ||
| Diags | 1) Diagonal wire cutting pliers, often misspelled "dykes" or "dikes"; 2) Diagnostics. | ||
| Dial Indicator | A calibrated instrument for measuring very small linear movement; usually less than 1" by thousandths. They are often used to measure cam lobes, concentricity of crankshaft journals, bends in rotating shafts, endplay in shafts, backlash in gears, runout in brakes, and slop in spherical joints. They can be mounted by fastener, magnet, clamp, or other means. | ||
| DIC | Driver Information Center | ||
| Die | A tool for cutting external threads onto a shaft or rod. Contrast Tap, Thread Chaser, Thread File. | ||
| Dielectric | Electrically insulating. | ||
| Dielectric Grease | Silicone grease used on small electrical terminals to block Oxygen & moisture in order to improve the durability of the connection. On larger terminals (like battery posts), the larger surface area can allow the grease's high film strenght to break or severely inhibit the electrical connection. | ||
| Diesel | 1. A german scientist who invented a simple & reliable engine which can run efficiently on very low-grade fuel oil; 2. An engine which operates on the Diesel (2-stroke or 4-stroke) cycle; 3. The fuel for such engines. Untaxed diesel fuel (for agricultural use) in the US has a dye added so that inspectors can tell if it was used in taxable vehicles. | ||
| Dieseling | See Knock. | ||
| DIFF | Differential | ||
| Differential (Diff) | A mechanism for dividing the engine's power between 2 shafts, most often between the 2 axleshafts within an axle or transaxle, but also sometimes between 2 driveshafts within an AWD transfer case. Most are "open", meaning the mechanism is allowed to work without limitation, which results in the input torque being split inversely to the output resistance (the tire with the least traction gets the most torque). Others may contain clutches (limited slip) or more complex mechanisms (torque-biasing) to restrict the division of torque and aid in traction. Contrast Spool, Lincoln-Locker, 4WD. | ||
| Differential Pressure | The pressure difference between two regions, such as between the intake manifold and the atmospheric pressures. | ||
| Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) | An EGR system or its primary sensor that monitors EGR pressure across a remote orifice to control EGR flow. AKA Dual Pressure Feedback EGR | ||
| Digital | 1) An electrical signal that is stepped among certain possible values within the voltage limits of the signal; 2) a display capable of only certain preset values/elements occurring only in certain positions; 3) controls which process information by switching the current or voltage through steps. Contrast Analog, Binary, Decimal, Hexadecimal. | ||
| Digital MultiMeter (DMM) | A handheld tool with a digital display for measuring various characteristics of electrical/electronic circuits & components. Digital meters require less current from the circuit being tested and produce more accurate & precise readings. They also generally have more features and cost far less than older meters. Contrast Analog Meter. | ||
| Digital Transmission Range sensor (DTR or TR) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates the selected modes of the transmission. It may be used for PCM control of shifting, cruise &/or starter interrupt. AKA MLP, MLPS, PNP, NSS. | ||
| Digital Volt-Ohm Meter (DVOM) | A handheld tool with a digital display for measuring voltage or resistance characteristics of electrical/electronic circuits & components. See DMM. | ||
| Dikes | See Diags. | ||
| Diode | an electronic component that allows current to flow only in 1 direction along a circuit, and also creates a voltage drop (typically ~0.7VDC). When polarity is reversed, the voltage drop goes above 100VDC until it reaches the semiconductor's breakdown voltage. They are commonly used to drain inductance spikes across solenoid or relay coils; to convert AC into rough DC (inside alternators & transformers); to prevent semi-independent circuits from interfering with each other (like a dome light & cargo light); and to create constant smooth voltage for delicate circuits (like Zener diodes in a power supply). Some emit light (LED) and are becoming more popular as high-efficiency long-life light sources. See Light-Emitting Diode. | ||
| Direct Injection (DI) | A cylinder head design in which the fuel injector pintle is within the combustion chamber. | ||
| Direct-Replacement | Parts engineered to be equivalent (in fit & performance, if not appearance) to OE parts, but produced by non-OEM. | ||
| DIS | Distributorless Ignition System | ||
| DIS, D.I.S. | Distributorless ignition system | ||
| Disk Brakes | A braking system based on a 2-sided brake rotor with a pad wearing against each side. The pads are compressed against the rotor by a caliper (usually hydraulic), creating a braking force on the rotating hub. They are less complex than drum brakes, and are less affected by extended use, fording, or high speed. See also Cross-drilled Rotor, Slotted Rotor, Drum-in-Hat. Contrast Drum Brakes. | ||
| Dissolved Gas Test | A quick test to detect block & head cracks by checking for exhaust gases in the coolant system. A squeeze bulb is used to draw air from the coolant system through a special chemical which changes color (usually blue to yellow) if exhaust is present. AKA Block Test. | ||
| DIST | Distribution | ||
| DIST, dist | Distributot | ||
| Distributor | A mechanical device designed to switch a high voltage secondary circuit from an ignition coil to spark plugs in the proper firing sequence. | ||
| Distributor Ignition (DI) | A system in which the ignition coil secondary circuit is switched by a rotating mechanism in proper sequence to various spark plugs. | ||
| DLC | Data Link Connector | ||
| DM | fuel code for Bi-Fuel, Diesel/Methanol | ||
| DMM | Digital MultiMeter. Compare DVOM. Contrast Analog Meter. | ||
| DMM | Digital Multi Meter | ||
| DOHC | Dual Overhead Cam. | ||
| DOHC | Double Overhead Cam | ||
| DOHC, D.O.H.C. | Double overhead cam | ||
| DOL | Data Output Line. | ||
| Door Jamb Sticker | See Safety Certification Label. | ||
| DOT | Department of Transportation. A federal office which oversees (among MANY other things) roads & motor vehicles. | ||
| DOT | Department of Transportation | ||
| Double Cardan joint | an assembly of 2 cross-type U-joints linked by a very short coupling with a mechanism between them to hold the coupling at exactly 1/2 the total flex angle across the assembly. It provides near-constant angular velocity through the joint, and allows nearly double the flex angle of a single cardan joint. | ||
| Double Clutch | Releasing the clutch pedal suddenly to launch the vehicle, then pressing it to let the engine rev up again, and releasing a second time. With the correct engine/vehicle combination, it can reduce takeoff time by using the engine's momentum in addition to its power to get the vehicle moving. Contrast Speed Shift. | ||
| Double Hex | A style of fastener & matching tool with 12 120° points. Contrast Triple Square. | ||
| DPFE or DPFEGR | Differential (Dual) Pressure Feedback EGR. Compare PFE, EEGR, EVP. | ||
| dr | Door | ||
| Drag Link | A steering link that directly joins the steering knuckles. | ||
| DRB II | Diagnostic Readout Box | ||
| DRI | Deposit Resistant Injector. A fuel injector designed to prevent buildup of carbon and other unwanted deposits used since the mid-80s. | ||
| Drift | 1) A solid shaft tool used with a hammer to drive other objects, such as pins, often confused with "Punch"; 2) A driving technique involving sliding the rear wheels continuously sideways on pavement through an extended turn, purely for its dramatic effect. Contrast Fish-Tail. | ||
| Drilled Rotor | See Cross-drilled Rotor. | ||
| Drive Cycle | A long process during which a vehicle is operated in most normal driving states, but in a specific order for a specific time each, and with certain states repeated. Normal driving will eventually produce a drive cycle, but it can take months, depending on the driver, the weather, the traffic, and the roads. Certain emissions monitors require a drive cycle before they can reset after codes are cleared. | ||
| Driveability | A classification of vehicle concerns, including engine performance, transmission behavior, and drivetrain harshness. | ||
| Driveline | 1) See Drivetrain, 2) See Driveshaft. | ||
| Driveshaft | A shaft connecting a transmission or transfer case to an axle or differential. It is usually tubular, either steel, Aluminum, Aluminum-Metal Matrix (AMMX), or composite. It usually includes at least 1 U-joint, CV joint, or rubber coupling disk at each end, & a slip joint (to allow for compression & extension). For longer distances, an intermediate joint & carrier bearing may be used. | ||
| Drivetrain | The collection of parts within a vehicle that cause it to move, including the engine, transmission, driveshaft, & drive axle. AKA Driveline, Powertrain. | ||
| DRL | Daytime Running Lamps. | ||
| Drum Brakes | A braking system based on a wide cast-iron hoop with a thin plate on one side surrounding 1 or 2 shoes covered in friction material, which are themselves attached to a large plate on the suspension (usually a solid axle), enclosing the entire mechanism. The shoes are spread against the hoop's inner surface either by a hydraulic slave (wheel) cylinder, or by a scissor mechanism, or by a lever mechanism, and usually also by an adjusting mechanism (usually automatic). See also Drum-in-Hat. Contrast Disk Brakes. | ||
| Drum-in-Hat | A brake system combining a small drum brake (usually only for emergency/parking use) inside the rotor of a disk brake (usually on the rear axle). See Disk Brakes, Drum Brakes. | ||
| D'shaft | Driveshaft. | ||
| DTC | Diagnostic Trouble Code. | ||
| DTC | Diagnostic Trouble Code | ||
| DTM | Diagnostic Test Mode. | ||
| DTR | Digital Transmission Range sensor. | ||
| Dual Exhaust | an system that provides 2 equal-sized paths for the engine exhaust from the manifolds (or headers) to the tailpipes. "True" dual exhaust has no connection between the 2 pipes, which is less efficient than a well-engineered crossover. | ||
| Dual Overhead Cam (DOHC) | An engine configuration that uses two camshafts in each cylinder head, positioned above the valves. | ||
| Dual-Function Reservoir (DFR) | A pressure-operated fuel tank switching valve with an integral reservoir which may contain a filter. It is only used on dual-tank Ford trucks from '84-89 and is notoriously unreliable. | ||
| Duckbill | The common term for a specific style of plastic quick-connector used on some fuel line & heater hose fittings. Compare Garter Spring, hairpin. | ||
| DUI. | 1) Davis Unified Ignition - an ignition system common on '80-00 GM vehicles, and a popular modification on many others. It involves a distributor with integrated pickup, advance, coil, & module requiring as few as 1 wire to work. 2) Driving Under the Influence of drugs or alcohol, a.k.a. DWI, DD. | ||
| Dust Cap | The outboard cover for a hub. Some include the knob or dial for manual hub locks on 4WD vehicles. | ||
| DVOM | Digital Volt-Ohm Meter. Compare DMM. | ||
| DVOM | Digital Volt Ohmmeter | ||
| DWI | Driving While Intoxicated. | ||
| Dye | A chemical additive used for visual identification or diagnosis, often fluorescent (UV). | ||
| Dykes | See Diags. | ||
| Dynamic | Moving/changing. Contrast Static. | ||
| E | 1) combustion code for Electric; 2) fuel code for Ethanol; 3) EGR vacuum supply port (carburetor/vacuum) | ||
| E.F.I. | Electronic Fuel Injection | ||
| E4OD | Electronic 4-speed Overdrive automatic transmission based on the C6. Renamed 4R100; one of the strongest, longest, & heaviest automatic transmissions ever put in a light truck. Models built before 1995 developed a poor reputation. | ||
| E85 | Fuel containing 85% ethanol (ethyl alcohol). Pure ethanol is the alcohol which is the intoxicating agent in liquor, beer and wine. It is distilled from the fermentation of plants such as field corn and sugar cane. A denaturant that imparts a bad taste is added to ethanol to preclude consumption. Up to 5% hydrocarbons (such as unleaded gasoline) is a typical denaturant. The resulting denatured ethanol is designated Ed100 when used as a feedstock for motor fuels. Fuel ethanol (Ed85) is then made by adding 15% more unleaded gasoline. The resulting fuel also has a higher octane rating than unleaded regular gasoline, allowing engine designs with higher compression and corresponding greater engine efficiency and performance (power). Winter blends may contain up to 25% unleaded gasoline (plus the denaturant) to enhance cold engine starts, hence the sometimes used Ed85-Ed75 designation. Severely cold weather may require additional measures for reliable starting. Ethanol is more chemically active than gasoline. It corrodes some metals and may cause some plastic and rubber components to swell, break down, or become brittle and crack, especially when mixed with gasoline. Special materials and procedures are used with Ethanol FFVs. Ethanol has less energy per gallon than gasoline, so fuel economy in miles per gallon will decrease as the percentage of ethanol goes up. However, the decrease is not as severe as with methanol. Flexible fuel vehicles using fuel ethanol also have lower exhaust emissions than comparable gasoline vehicles. | ||
| ea | Each | ||
| EACV | Electronic Air Control Valve | ||
| EAIR | Electric Secondary Air Injection. | ||
| EAP | Electric Air Pump. | ||
| eB | early Bronco ('66-77). | ||
| EB | 1) Eddie Bauer; 2) (slang) early Bronco. | ||
| EBCM | Electronic Brake Control Module | ||
| EBL | Electronic Back Light | ||
| EBM | Electronic Body Module | ||
| ECA | Electronic Control Assembly | ||
| ECC | Electronic Control Computer. See EEC. | ||
| ECM | Electronic control module | ||
| ECM | Electronic Control Module. See EEC. | ||
| ECM | Engine Control Module | ||
| ECT | Engine Coolant Temperature. | ||
| ECT | Engine Coolant Temperature | ||
| ECU | Electronic Control Unit. See EEC. | ||
| ECU | Electronic Control Unit | ||
| Eddie Bauer | The most-luxurious trim level offered on Ford trucks from '85-96. Later models included matching leather luggage. | ||
| EDIS | Electronic Distributorless Ignition System | ||
| EDP | Electro Deposted Primer | ||
| EEC | Electronic Engine Control. AKA ECC, ECM, ECU, MCU, PCM, "brain", "computer", "controller". | ||
| EEC | Electronic Engine Control | ||
| EEC-IV | Ford's fourth-generation EEC system; its first to incorporate on-board diagnostics (OBD) & memory to store diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs). Their chips are soldered to their boards (meaning they can't be removed to change performance characteristics like some other manufacturers), but later versions include flash-programmable memory (EEPROM). | ||
| EECS | Evaporative Emission Control System | ||
| EEC-V | Ford's fifth-generation EEC system, which incorporates the industry-standard OBD-II system. | ||
| EEGR | Electronic EGR Valve; a motor-driven EGR with an integral position sensor. | ||
| EEPROM | Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. | ||
| EEPROM | Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory | ||
| EFC | Electronic Fuel Control | ||
| EFCA | Electronic Fuel Control Assembly | ||
| EFE | Early Fuel Evaporation | ||
| EFE, E.F.E. | Early fuel evaporation | ||
| EFI | Electronic Fuel Injection | ||
| EFT | Engine Fuel Temperature. | ||
| EGO | Exhaust Gas Oxygen sensor, signal, or circuit. An early version of a HEGO, without the heater. | ||
| EGO | Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor | ||
| EGR | Exhaust Gas Recirculation. | ||
| EGR | Exhaust Gas Recirculation | ||
| EGR Vacuum Regulator (EVR) | A solenoid vacuum valve which controls vacuum to the EGR valve by a duty cycle (pulse) signal from the PCM. This, in turn, regulates EGR flow into the intake manifold. The EVR switches its output (to the EGR) between vent and manifold vacuum (through a reservoir). | ||
| EGR Valve Position (EVP) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which reports how far the EGR valve has opened to the EEC. It mounts directly to the EGR and uses a pushrod to measure how far the diaphragm has lifted the pintle. Newer EGR systems don't use this sensor. Contrast EEGR, PFE, DPFEGR. | ||
| EGRPS | EGR Valve Position Sensor | ||
| EGRT | EGR Valve Temperature Sensor. | ||
| EGRT | EGR Temperature | ||
| EGT | Exhaust Gas Temperature | ||
| EGT | Exhaust Gas Temperature | ||
| EI | Electronic Ignition. | ||
| EI | Electronic Ignition | ||
| Electric Air Pump (EAP) | An electric pump used in EAIR systems. | ||
| Electric Secondary Air Injection (EAIR) | A pump-driven system for providing secondary air using an electric air pump. | ||
| Electronic Distributorless Ignition System (EDIS) | A system using an independent ignition module and one or 2 coil packs. AKA Integrated Ignition. | ||
| Electronic Engine Control (EEC) | The system or module that provides electronic control of engine (and often transmission) operation. AKA ECC, ECM, ECU, MCU, PCM, "brain", "computer", "controller". Contrast BCM, DDM, GEM, LCM. | ||
| Electronic Ignition (EI) | A system in which the ignition coil secondary circuit is dedicated to specific spark plugs without the use of a distributor. Ford has two types of EI systems, integrated EI and EI. EI is only used on the 3.0L Windstar and has a standalone Ignition Control Module (ICM). The Integrated Electronic Ignition (EI) System consists of a crankshaft position (CKP) sensor, coil pack(s), connecting wiring, and PCM. The Coil On Plug (COP) Integrated EI System uses a separate coil for each spark plug and each coil is mounted directly onto the plug. The COP Integrated EI System eliminates the need for spark plug wires but does require input from the camshaft position (CMP) sensor. | ||
| Electronic Pressure Control (EPC) | A solenoid valve, signal, or circuit which controls line pressure in the transmission. | ||
| Electronic Shift-On-the-Fly (ESOF) | A system used to operate the transfer case of a 4WD or AWD vehicle while it is in motion. | ||
| Electronic Variable Orifice Steering (EVO) | A system or solenoid valve which adjusts the level of assistance provided by the power steering system. | ||
| E-Locker | An aftermarket electronically-selectable-locking differential produced by Eaton. | ||
| EMI | Electromagnetic Interference. Usually caused by ignition voltage spikes, solenoids, relay operation or noisy generator contacts. | ||
| EMI | Electromagnetic Interference | ||
| EMR | Electronic Module Retard | ||
| EMW | Emissions Maintenance Warning module. A small module attached to certain '87-91 instrument clusters which can be safely deleted. Compare Combo, IMS. AKA EUL. | ||
| Endo | An end-over-end roll. | ||
| Engine | A machine designed to convert thermal energy (typically derived from chemical energy in fuel) into mechanical energy to produce force or motion. | ||
| Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates the temperature of the engine coolant. It is typically installed in the heater core circuit, which is unaffected by the thermostat. | ||
| Engine Fuel Temperature (EFT) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates the temperature of the fuel in the fuel rail. | ||
| Engine RPM (RPM) | A signal or circuit which indicates engine rpm. | ||
| Engine RPM/Vehicle Speed Limiter | A strategy to prevent damage to the powertrain. The powertrain control module (PCM) will disable some or all of the fuel injectors whenever an engine rpm or vehicle overspeed condition is detected. The vehicle will exhibit a rough running engine condition, and the PCM will store a Continuous Memory DTC P1270. Once the operator reduces the excessive speed, the engine will return to the normal operating mode. No repair is required. However, the technician should clear the PCM and inform the operator of the reason for the DTC. Excessive wheel slippage may be caused by sand, gravel, rain, mud, snow, ice, etc. or excessive and sudden increase in rpm while in NEUTRAL or while driving. | ||
| EOBD | European Onboard Diagnostics | ||
| EOL | End Of Line. A system designed specifically for use at assembly plants to make sure all new vehicles perform to design specifications. | ||
| EOS | Exhaust Oxygen Sensor or Engine Oil Suppliment | ||
| EP | Extreme Pressure; a rating for chassis grease. | ||
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency; a government agency which sets & enforces emissions standards in the US. | ||
| EPC | Electronic Pressure Control. | ||
| EPOS | EGR Valve Position Sensor | ||
| Epoxy | A plastic formed by mixing several liquid or gel chemicals, which then harden. Most do not require air to cure, and will cure over a wide temperature range. Heat is usually produced by the curing process. Epoxies are commonly used as adhesives, sealants, paints, and structural repairs (JB Weld) because they are robust & durable. | ||
| EPROM | Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory | ||
| E-Ring | A hardened spring steel clip shaped vaguely like an "E"; more like a "C", but with a tab in the center. It is used on shafts & operating rods. | ||
| ESA | Electronic Spark Advance | ||
| ESC | Electronic Spark Control | ||
| Escutcheon, escutcheon plate | A trim plate or a shield surrounding a moving part like the windshield wiper shaft or the trim piece around a radio knob, etc. | ||
| ESOF | Electronic Shift-On-the-Fly. | ||
| EST | Electronic Spark Timing | ||
| Estate | See Wagon-Body. | ||
| ETC | Electronic Throttle Control | ||
| Ethanol | Grain alcohol; C2H5OH. An inexpensive fuel additive used to reduce cost and emissions. Blends containing more than ~15% ethanol require special engine management & fuel system materials. See E85. | ||
| Ethylene Glycol | The most common antifreeze/antiboil agent in automotive coolant. It tastes sweet, but is extremely poisonous; attaching to the liver, it prevents normal toxins from being removed from the blood. | ||
| EUL | See EMW. | ||
| EVAP | Evaporative Emission system. | ||
| EVAP | Evaporative Emission System | ||
| Evaporative Emission (EVAP) | A system to prevent fuel or other hydrocarbon vapors from escaping into the atmosphere. Typically includes a charcoal canister to store fuel vapors, a rollover valve on the fuel tank to prevent liquid fuel from entering the system, various airflow control solenoid valves, & the PCV system. | ||
| EVIC | Electronic Vehicle Information Center | ||
| EVO | Electronic Variable Orifice. | ||
| EVP | EGR Valve Position | ||
| EVR | EGR Vacuum Regulator (AKA Exhaust Valve Regulator). | ||
| EWP | Electric Water Pump. | ||
| Exciter Ring | See Tone Ring. | ||
| EXH HCV | Exhaust Heat Control Valve (carburetor/vacuum) | ||
| Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) | A system which reduces NOx emissions levels by adding exhaust gas to the incoming air/fuel mixture, OR the valve used to regulate the flow of exhaust gas. The inert gas reduces combustion chamber temperatures, which not only reduce the formation of NOx, but also reduces the tendency to burn through Aluminum/alloy pistons. | ||
| Exo-Cage | An external cage designed to protect a vehicle's body when off-roading. Most are primarily cosmetic, and not actually strong enough to work in an off-road rollover or on-road collision. Contrast Family Cage; Nerf Bar; Rock Slider; Roll Bar; Roll Cage; Step Bar. | ||
| F | Front | ||
| F | Fahrenheit | ||
| F/B | Fuse Block | ||
| F4E | F Level (119 lb-ft) 4 speed Electronic transmission. | ||
| Fabricated | 1) assembled, as opposed to being a single piece; 2) welded-together, as opposed to being stamped or machined in 1 piece; 3) created locally from raw or common materials, as opposed to being mass-produced on a factory assembly line; 4) crude, as opposed to being professionally designed & built to modern standards. | ||
| Fail-Safe Cooling Strategy (FSC) | A strategy activated by the PCM only in the event that an overheating condition has been identified. This strategy provides engine temperature control when the cylinder head temperature exceeds certain limits. The cylinder head temperature is measured by the CHT sensor. Not all vehicles equipped with a CHT sensor will have the fail-safe cooling strategy. A cooling system failure such as low coolant, electric cooling fan failure, or coolant loss could cause an overheating condition. As a result, damage to major engine components could occur. Along with a CHT sensor, the fail-safe cooling strategy is used to prevent damage by allowing air cooling of the engine. This strategy allows the vehicle to be driven safely for a short time with some loss of performance when a overheat condition exist. Engine temperature is controlled by varying and alternating the number of disabled fuel injectors. This allows all cylinders to cool. When the fuel injectors are disabled, their respective cylinders work as air pumps, and this air is used to cool the cylinders. The more fuel injectors that are disabled, the cooler the engine runs, but the engine has less power. A wide open throttle (WOT) delay is incorporated if the CHT temperature is exceeded during WOT operation. At WOT, the injectors will function for a limited amount of time allowing the customer to complete a passing maneuver. Before injectors are disabled, the fail-safe cooling strategy alerts the operator to a cooling system problem by moving the instrument cluster temperature gauge to the hot zone and a PCM DTC P1285 is set. Depending on the vehicle, other indicators, such as an audible chime or warning lamp, can be used to alert the operator of fail-safe cooling. If overheating continues, the strategy begins to disable the fuel injectors, a DTC P1299 is stored in the PCM memory, and a malfunction indicator light (MIL) (either CHECK ENGINE or SERVICE ENGINE SOON), comes on. If the overheating condition continues and a critical temperature is reached, all fuel injectors are turned off and the engine is disabled. | ||
| Failure Mode Effects Management (FMEM) | An alternative vehicle operation strategy that protects vehicle function from the adverse effect of an EEC system failure. | ||
| Family Cage | a style of Roll Cage with full-height protection for rear passengers. | ||
| Fan | A device designed to supply a current of air, typically through a radiator, condenser, or transmission cooler. A fan may also have a frame, motor, wiring harness and the like. The term is typically applied to mechanisms which move air parallel to the fan's axis of rotation, and are distinguished from Blowers, which are typically centrifugal. Contrast air pump, air compressor. | ||
| Fan Control (FC) | A sensor, signal, or circuit for controlling the engine cooling fan. | ||
| FC | Fan Control. | ||
| FCIL | Fuel Cap Indicator Lamp | ||
| FCS | Fuel Control Solenoid | ||
| FDC | Fuel Deceleration Valve | ||
| FDM | Fuel Delivery Module. | ||
| FEAD | Front End Accessory Drive belt system. | ||
| Fed | Federal | ||
| Fender | The body panel above the front wheel or forward of the doors, distinguished from the Quarter Panel, which is behind the doors. | ||
| FEPS | Flash EEPROM Programming Signal. 18 volt DC signal sent by the scan tool to initiate PCM reprogramming. | ||
| FF | Flexible fuel. | ||
| FFV | Flexible Fuel Vehicle. | ||
| FI | Fuel Injection | ||
| FI, F.I. | Fuel injected | ||
| FIFO | First In First Out. A stock management pattern. Contrast LIFO, LILO, FILO. | ||
| Fifth Wheel (5th Wheel) | a common heavy-duty hitch system characterized by a round tiltable horizontal receiver (the fifth wheel) on the tow vehicle (tractor) and a vertical pin on the trailer; contrast Gooseneck. It is popular in heavy truck & large RV trailer applications. | ||
| FILO | First In Last Out. A stock management pattern. Contrast LIFO, LILO, FIFO. | ||
| Finite-Element Analysis | An engineering design process pioneered by Ford in the late 60s and first applied to a production vehicle on the Falcon Wagon. A physical part (which has nearly infinite elements in the forms of crystals &/or molecules) is simulated mathematically by a model containing a finite (MUCH smaller) number of elements, represented by triangles arranged as a web or wireform. The behavior of the part can then be calculated at various temperatures & load conditions to determine which elements are critical & which are expendable, thereby reducing the size & weight of the part, without reducing its strength, durability, or reliability. It is now an indispensible tool for nearly every engineering & physics discipline, and has altered industry almost as profoundly & abruptly as Ford's seminal contribution, the production line. | ||
| FIPK | A popular aftermarket Open-Element air filter system by K&N. | ||
| FIPL | Fuel Injector Pump Lever | ||
| Firewall | The body panel between the engine bay & the passenger compartment. | ||
| Fish-Tail | A driving maneuver (often accidental) accomlished by accelerating vigorously but briefly during a short turn that results in the back end of the vehicle whipping sideways, like a fish's tail. | ||
| Fixed Yoke/Flange | A non-moving connection between a splined shaft (usually the output shaft of a transmission or transfer case) and a U-joint in a driveshaft. Broncos use a fixed yoke or flange on the t-case rear output. | ||
| Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) | An Integrated Circuit (IC) within the PCM. This IC contains the software code required by the PCM to control the powertrain. One feature of the EEPROM is that it can be electrically erased and then reprogrammed without removing the PCM from the vehicle. If a software change is required to the PCM, the module no longer needs to be replaced, but can be reprogrammed at the dealership through the DLC. | ||
| Flathead | 1) A flathead (slotted) screw; 2) a flathead engine. | ||
| Flathead Engine | An obsolete engine design distinguished by simple cylinder heads and valves within the block. | ||
| Flathead Screw | A style of screw head using a simple, straight, central groove designed to be driven by a correspondingly simple, straight-edged tool. AKA Slotted Screw. See Screw. Contrast Phillips, Torx. | ||
| Flat-Rate or Flag-Rate | A common pay plan for automotive technicians, especially at a dealership. A comprehensive list of possible vehicle repairs is published (either by the manufacturer in the case of dealership & warranty repairs or technicians, OR by a 3rd-part company in the case of independent techs & customer-pay repairs) with specific descriptions of the tasks involved and the typical or allowable time to accomplish those tasks. Regardless of how long it actually takes the technician to complete the repair or the total cost billed to the vehicle owner, the tech is only paid for the published time. AKA "book time". Contrast "straight time" or "clock time". | ||
| Flexible Fuel (FF) | A system capable of using a variety of fuels for vehicle operation. These may include gasoline, diesel, biodiesel, ethanol, methanol, natural gas, propane, jet fuel, solar, or any combination. | ||
| Flip | A roll onto the roof either end-over-end or sideways, or a barrel roll. | ||
| Flop | A roll onto only one side (not onto the roof). | ||
| FLS | Fluid Level Sensor | ||
| FLTR | Filter (carburetor/vacuum) | ||
| Fluorescent | The physical characteristic of a substance by which it converts absorbed radiation at one frequency (usually invisible) into a visible-frequency radiation (light). Most commonly, a mercury-vapor tube generates UV radiation, which is fluoresced into white light by the powdered phosphor coating inside the tube. | ||
| FMEM | Failure Mode Effects Management. | ||
| FMX | An early medium-duty automatic transmission derived from the FX/MX. It evolved into the AOD, AODE, 4R70W, and 4R75E. | ||
| FoMoCo | An official abbreviation for Ford Motor Company, sometimes stamped into low-trim parts such as police hub caps. | ||
| Forced Induction | Any air intake system using mechanical devices to push air into the intake at higher-than-atmospheric pressure. Contrast N/A. See Turbocharger, Supercharger, Ram-Air. | ||
| Four Valve (4V) | Four valves, two intake and two exhaust, per cylinder. | ||
| Four-Cycle | (slang) See Four-Stroke Cycle. | ||
| Four-Stroke | (slang) See Four-Stroke Cycle. | ||
| Four-Stroke Cycle | An engine operating system that involve 4 strokes of each piston to complete one combustion cycle (a version of the Otto combustion cycle). On the first stroke, the piston is forced up by the crankshaft toward an open exhaust valve to expel burned fuel. Near the top of that stroke, the exhaust valve closes & the intake valve opens. On the second stroke, the piston is drawn down by the crankshaft, creating a vacuum in the cylinder which pulls fresh air (and usually gasoline) in. Near the bottom of that stroke, the intake valve closes. On the 3rd stroke, the crankshaft pushes the piston up toward a closed combustion chamber, creating pressure in the cylinder. Near the top of that stroke, diesel may be injected or a spark plug may be fired. On the fourth stroke, the burning fuel in the chamber forces the piston down, transferring power to the crankshaft. Because 3 strokes consume power for each 1 that produces power, 4-stroke engines are inherently less powerful by weight & less thermodynamically efficient than 2-strokes. But they require less maintenance & produce fewer emissions. | ||
| FP | Fuel Pump. | ||
| FPDM | Fuel Pump Driver Module. | ||
| FPM | Fuel Pump Monitor. | ||
| FPR | Fuel Pressure Regulator. | ||
| FPR VSV | Fuel Pressure Regulator Vacuum Switching Valve | ||
| FPRC | Fuel Pressure Regulator Control. | ||
| FR, fr | Front | ||
| Frame | The heavy structure to which all other major components of a cab-on-chassis vehicle are attached. Common types include ladder & X . Contrast Unibody, Monocoque. | ||
| Frame Horn | The end of a frame rail where something may be attached, such as a bumper. | the amount of current a 12V battery can deliver over a given time period without falling below 10V . Common time periods range from 2-10 hours, and indicate the actual amount of energy stored within a battery. Higher Ahs over shorter periods are better, and those numbers come from larger, heavier batteries. Compare CA, CCA, HCA, RC. | |
| Freeze Frame | A block of KAM containing the vehicle operating conditions for a specific time. Typically associated with a DTC. Erasing DTCs also erases all freeze frames. They will also be erased if KAM or KAPWR fails. | ||
| Freon® | The DuPont name for R-12 CFC. See Refrigerant. | ||
| Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) | A system of belts & pullies on the engine to transfer power from the crankshaft to various accessory devices. | ||
| FS | 1) Fullsize; 2) for sale. | ||
| FSA | Field Service Action. See Recall. | ||
| FSC | Fail-Safe Cooling Strategy. | ||
| FT | 1) (ft) foot (12 inches); 2) Finger-tight; 3) (slang) F*****g tight | ||
| ft, Ft | Front | ||
| ft.lb. | Foot Pound | ||
| ft-lb | foot-pounds; a measure of torque (typically used for ROTATING torque, as in engine output). 1 ft-lb = 1 lbf at 1 ft from the center of rotation = 2 lbf @ 0.5' = 10 lbf @ 0.1'... | ||
| FTO | Filtered Tachometer Output; the IDM circuit for CCD TFI-IV ignition systems. | ||
| FTP | Fuel Tank Pressure. | ||
| Fuel | Any combustible substance burned to provide heat or power. Typical motor vehicle fuels include gasoline, diesel fuel, propane, CNG, LPG, ethanol, methanol, kerosene, & nitromethane. Other types of fuel include hydrogen, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, butane, coal, wood, Uranium... | ||
| Fuel Delivery Module (FDM) | the assembly containing the fuel pump, pickup siphon, pickup screen, reservoir, shuttle valve, & level sender used in most '90-up Fords | ||
| Fuel Injector | See Injector. | ||
| Fuel Pressure Regulator (FPR) | A vacuum-operated valve on or near the fuel manifold (rail) which regulates fuel pressure from the pump to the injectors. | ||
| Fuel Pressure Regulator Control (FPRC) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which controls the fuel pressure regulator. Used primarily to provide extra fuel during cold starts. | ||
| Fuel Pump (FP) | A pump used to deliver fuel to the engine, usually submerged in the fuel tank. | ||
| Fuel Pump Driver Module (FPDM) | A module that controls an electric fuel pump in response to a pulse-code modulated (PCM) signal from the EEC. | ||
| Fuel Pump Monitor (FPM) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which monitors operation of the fuel pump. | ||
| Fuel Rich/Lean | A qualitative evaluation of air/fuel ratio relative to an ideal A/F ratio known as stoichiometry, or 14.7 1 for normal gasoline. In the EEC system, rich/lean is determined by a voltage signal from the HO2S. An excess of oxygen (lean) is indicated by an HO2S voltage of less than .4 volts; a rich condition is indicated by an HO2S voltage of greater than .6 volts. | ||
| Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates the internal pressure of the fuel tank and the EVAP system. | ||
| Full-Floating (FF) Axle | An axle assembly whose axleshafts bear no weight, and can therefore 'float' within the housing. Because the shafts only experience torsional stresses, it is considered stronger (less likely to break) than a Semi-Floating Axle. All steering axles are full-floating, but their outers can be semi-floating, as in some Jeeps. Most Portal Axles are full-floating. A full-floating axle can be easily identified by the presence of a spindle nut which retains the hub on the bearings, even if the axleshaft breaks. | ||
| Fullsize (FS) | a vehicle approximately 74" wide; distinguished from Midsize, Compact, Subcompact, and Heavy. | ||
| Full-Width (FW) | a part or assembly for a fullsize vehicle, but installed on a midsize or compact; usually an axle. | ||
| Fuse | An electrical connection designed to melt at a specific current draw (Amperes), thus opening (turning off) the circuit and protecting the wires from melting or burning. Installing a fuse rated higher than original defeats the purpose of the fuse since the wiring will melt before the larger fuse. Contrast Fusible Link, Circuit Breaker. | ||
| Fusible Link | A normal wire with special insulation designed to contain the heat, spark, and melted metal when the wire burns from excessive current draw. Fusible link wire is not rated in Amperes since its characteristics are less-obvious, but it is typically 4 gauges (AWG) smaller (higher number) than the circuit it protects. Although many vehicles now use MEGA or MAXI fuses where older vehicles used fusible link wire, replacing older fusible links with fuses is not recommended unless the rest of the wiring is upgraded to match the newer arrangement. Never replace a fuse with fusible link wire. In an emergency, smaller-gauge wire may be temporarily substituted for fusible link wire until an appropriate repair can be made. Contrast Fuse, Circuit Breaker. | ||
| Fusible Link | Orange - 22ga. - 0.35mm | ||
| Fusible Link | Gray - 20ga. - 0.5mm | ||
| Fusible Link | Blue - 18ga. - 0.8mm | ||
| Fusible Link | Black - 16ga. - 1.0mm | ||
| Fusible Link | Gray - 14ga. - 2.0mm | ||
| Fusible Link | Blue - 12ga. - 3.0mm | ||
| Fusible Link | Orange - 10ga. - 5.0mm | ||
| Fusible Link | Black - 8ga. - 8.0mm | ||
| FWC | Front Wheel Cylinder | ||
| FWD | Front Wheel Drive. A powertrain system which delivers engine power to a differential in the front axle only. Contrast RWD, AWD, 4WD. | ||
| FWD | Front Wheel Drive | ||
| G | fuel code for Gasoline. | ||
| G | Grams | ||
| Gall | A specific type of wear between metal parts (usually rotating) in which a lack of lubricant combined with high force results in specks of liquid metal being pushed into balls which cut grooves into the parts and often lock them together. | ||
| GALS | Gallon | ||
| Gap | The distance between a spark plug's ground & center electrodes. The gap determines the voltage at which the coil fires, so too large a gap can damage the coil. Too small a gap produces a small, cold spark, which results in incomplete ignition of the fuel, low power, & high HC & CO emissions. | ||
| Garter Spring | A style of quick connection used on some fuel or A/C line fittings comprising 2 tubular fittings whose lips face each other. A coil spring fills the gap between the tubes, and interferes with the lips, preventing them from separating until the spring is pushed onto the inner (outward-facing) lip. Contrast Duckbill. | ||
| GDI | Gasoline Direct Injection | ||
| GE | fuel code for Bi-Fuel, Gasoline/Ethanol. | ||
| Gear-Drive | An aftermarket all-gear replacement for a timing chain. | ||
| GEM | Generic Electronic Module a multi-function module used for courtesy lighting, windows & locks, chimes, etc. AKA BCM, BSM, CSM… | ||
| gen | Generator | ||
| GEN | Generator | ||
| Generator (GEN) | A rotating machine designed to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. AKA Alternator (a term trademarked by Chrysler Corporation). Early types used an external fan and remote voltage regulator; modern types use an internal fan and external or internal voltage regulator, sometimes controlled by the PCM to achieve more efficient charging & longer battery life, as well as to reduce the alternator load on the engine during peak demand. The basic generator chassis produces an AC voltage (usually around 18.5V max) which is rectified by high-current diodes to a rough DC voltage. This roughness is smoothed by the battery, which is critical to protecting modern electronics from voltage spikes which were acceptable in older vehicles. A modern vehicle should never be operated with the battery disconnected. | ||
| Glasspack | An aftermarket muffler that uses fiberglass between its outer shell & a perforated inner pipe. Externally, it looks very similar to a Cherry Bomb, and is often painted a similar red. It is popular because it fails to muffle, but is still legal in most places. | ||
| GM | 1) fuel code for Bi-Fuel, Gasoline/Methanol; 2) Grand Marquis; 3) General Motors Corporation. | ||
| Gn | Green wire or vacuum line. | ||
| GND | Ground. | ||
| GND or GRND | Ground | ||
| Gold cadmium | A type of plating used on some automotive parts such as power brake boosters, fuel pumps, etc. Similar to silver cadmium only it has a gold color. Example | ||
| Gold Plated Pins | Some engine control hardware has gold plated pins on the connectors and mating harness connectors to improve electrical stability for low-current circuits and to enhance corrosion resistance. The EEC components equipped with gold terminals will vary by vehicle application. Damaged gold terminals should only be replaced with new gold terminals. | ||
| Goose | A brief opening and closing of the throttle (Dynamic Response test). | ||
| Gooseneck | a common medium-duty hitch system characterized by a trailer tongue that arches over a pickup truck's tailgate then drops to a ball mounted to the floor of the bed; contrast Fifth Wheel. It is popular in agricultural applications. | ||
| Gov-Lock | An OE torque-biasing differential offered in GM trucks. It is very effective, but very delicate and has a history of exploding when overrevved. | ||
| GPM | Grams Per Mile; Gallons Per Minute. | ||
| GPS | Global Positioning System. A network of geostationary satellites, or a device used to monitor signals from those satellites, and calculate its own position from that data. | ||
| GPS | Global Positioning System | ||
| Grade | 1) a categorization of strength, toughness, durability, heat resistance, & corrosion resistance of fasteners. AKA Material Class in metric fasteners; 2) a long inclined driving surface. | ||
| Green State Vehicle | Formally known as California Emissions. A vehicle that is equipped with California on-board diagnostics. | ||
| Grind | A slow abrasive noise, like driving slowly on rough pavement. See NVH. | ||
| Grindbox | (slang) A manual transmission. Contrast Slushbox. | ||
| Groan | A medium steady rumbling noise, like a continuous zipper. See NVH. | ||
| Grocery-Getter (GG) | A disparaging term for a vehicle that LOOKS like an SUV but actually isn't capable of off-roading, hauling, or towing. It may also be used for a vehicle capable of those activities, but not USED for them by its owner/driver. | ||
| Ground (GND) | An electrical conductor used as a common supply for electric circuits, and with a relative zero potential, generally connected to the (-) battery terminal. Electrons (which have a negative charge) flow out of this terminal, through the ground system, to electrical & electronic components which consume their energy, through fuses & control switches, and ultimately return to the battery (+) terminal. Some vehicles & accessories use a positive-ground wiring system. | ||
| Ground Effect | 1) The phenomenon by which air at relatively low pressure captured between a vehicle & the ground tends to lift the vehicle; 2) (slang) automotive bodywork added to reduce the ground effect(1), such as a front air dam or side skirts. | ||
| Ground Plane | A flat physical surface (usually the ground or the metal body of a vehicle) directly under an antenna used to reflect radio waves to or from that antenna. It must be electrically grounded to the antenna to work. The concept is almost identical to a fluorescent tube standing upright on a black surface. Without a reflector at the bottom end, ~1/2 its output would strike the surface & be lost; but with a ground-plane reflector, that energy is redirected up & out, where it can be used. The term applies primarily to CB antennae on vehicles, where the lack of a physical ground plane on one side of the antenna (due to the antenna being installed on the side of the vehicle) results in poor transmission/reception range on the side of the antenna with no ground plane. | ||
| Grounding | 1) connecting one side of an electrical circuit to a common conductor (ground) to reduce the number of wires needed when many circuits have access to this common conductor (as the many circuits within a vehicle sharing the body &/or frame); 2) the unwanted mechanical connection between a noisy part & the passenger cabin of a vehicle. See NVH. | ||
| Growl | A low steady rumbling noise, like a low note on an electric guitar. See NVH. | ||
| GSS | Gear Select Solenoid | ||
| GT | Grand Touring. A style of vehicle with a better power-to-weight ratio than contemporary vehicles, making it more suited to long-distance (high-speed) travel, especially in the mountainous regions of Europe, where it can easily overtake the slower local traffic. | ||
| GVW | Gross Vehicle Weight. The maximum allowable curb weight of a vehicle. | ||
| GVW | Gross Vehicle Weight | ||
| GVWR | Gross vehicle weight rating | ||
| GVWR | Gross Vehicle Weight Rating; GVW + cargo load. | ||
| Gy | Gray wire or vacuum line. | ||
| H | combustion code for Hybrid Electric; chemical symbol for Hydrogen. | ||
| H.E.I. | High Energy Ignition | ||
| H/D | Heavy Duty | ||
| H20 | Water | ||
| HAC | High Altitude Compensation | ||
| Hall Effect | A process in which current is passed through a small slice of semi-conductor material at the same time as a magnetic field to produce a small voltage in the semi-conductor. Compare Magneto-Resistive sensor. | ||
| Halogen | A group of chemicals characterized by their ability to produce visible light when excited. They are often used in incandescent bulbs, but are also used in certain refrigerants for their other chemical characteristics. | ||
| Hard Fault | A fault currently detected by the system. | ||
| Hardware Limited Operating Strategy (HLOS) | A mode of operation where the PCM replaces output commands with fixed values in response to certain PCM malfunctions. HLOS mode is used when the system fault(s) is too extreme for the FMEM mode to handle. In HLOS mode, all software operations have stopped and the processor is running on hardware control only. The default strategy for this mode has a minimal calibration strictly to allow the vehicle to operate until it can be serviced. NOTE In HLOS mode, Self-Test codes will not be output. | ||
| Harshness | Any momentary sensation that the driver finds objectionable. See NVH. | ||
| HB | Hydro-Boost. | ||
| HC | 1) Hydrocarbon.; 2) High Compression. | ||
| HC | Hydrocarbons | ||
| HCA | Hot Cranking Amps the maximum amount of current a 12V battery can deliver for 10 seconds at 80°F without falling below 7.2V . Compare CCA, CA, RC, Ah. | ||
| HCF | Hydraulic Cooling Fan | ||
| HCFD | Hydraulic Cooling Fan Drive | ||
| HD | 1) Heavy Duty; 2) Hot-Dipped galvanized. | ||
| HD, H.D. | Heavy duty | ||
| HDL | Headlamp. | ||
| hdtp, HDTP | Hardtop | ||
| Head | See Cylinder Head. | ||
| Header or Header Pipe | An exhaust manifold fabricated from bent tubing (as opposed to being cast), usually tuned to maximize scavenging from the combustion chambers, resulting in more power from the engine. The tubes converge at the collector, which includes a fitting to attach the exhaust system. Some are wrapped or coated to keep heat in so that surrounding components are not damaged. Compare Shorty, Long-Tube Header. | ||
| Headlamp (HDL) | A logical input to a module that indicates status of the headlamps. | ||
| Heat Exchanger | Any device designed to transfer heat from one fluid to another, including the radiator, intercooler, ATF cooler, PSF cooler, engine oil cooler, heater core, & evaporator core. Contrast Heat Sink. | ||
| Heat Gun | An electric torch, or hi-power hair dryer, used mainly for melting plastics & stripping paint. | ||
| Heat Riser Tube | A small duct that transfers warm air collected from around the exhaust manifold into the intake system (generally on carburetors before the filter) to aid in fuel vaporization in extreme cold weather. | ||
| Heat Sink | Any conductive mass designed to absorb & dissipate heat from other components, such as the finned Aluminum casting used for '92-96 TFI-IV ignition modules. A heat sink is distinct from a heat exchanger in that a sink transfers heat from a solid to a solid, and then slowly radiates the heat (at a lower temperature) to a static fluid. | ||
| HEAT VLV INT | Heat Valve Intake (carburetor/vacuum) regulates flow from the exhaust manifold shroud through the heat riser tube to the intake system. AKA Heat Riser Valve | ||
| Heated Exhaust Gas Oxygen sensor (HEGO) | An Oxygen Sensor (O2S) that is electrically heated. AKA HO2S. | ||
| Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) | An Oxygen Sensor (O2S) that is electrically heated. AKA HEGO. | ||
| HEGO | Heated Exhaust Gas Oxygen sensor. | ||
| HEGO | Heated Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor | ||
| HEI | High Energy Ignition | ||
| Heim | A popular brand of spherical rod end often used in suspension & steering modification. | ||
| Helical Gears | An improved gear design using spiral teeth on circular gears with parallel axes. The advantages include less wear, less noise, more tooth contact, & constant effective radius (smooth output). The disadvantage is an axial load. They are commonly used in transmissions. Contrast Bevel, Herringbone, Hypoid, Spur, Worm. | ||
| Herringbone Gears | A rare improvement on the Helical design in which each gear consists of 2 opposite-angle helical-cut tooth sets, which eliminates any axial load. They are sometimes used in transmissions. Contrast Helical, Bevel, Hypoid, Spur, Worm. | ||
| Hex or Hexadecimal | a rare numbering system using sixteen possible characters (usually 0-9 and A-F) in each digit. 'Hexadeci-' means sixteen. Nine is '9'; ten is 'A'; twelve is 'C'; fifteen is 'F'; sixteen is '10'; seventeen is '11'; thirty-one is '1F'; thirty-two is '20'. | ||
| HFC | 1) Hydrofluorocarbon. see Refrigerant; 2) High Fan Control. | ||
| HFCF | High Fan Control Fault. | ||
| HFP | High Fuel Pump. | ||
| Hg | Mercury | ||
| HGT | Height | ||
| HHDDE | Heavy Heavy Duty Diesel Engine. | ||
| HHDE | Heavy Heavy Duty (gasoline, CNG, or FF) Engine. | ||
| Hi Perf. | High Performance | ||
| HICV | Hot Idle Control Valve (carburetor/vacuum) | ||
| HID | High-Intensity Discharge. | ||
| High Fan Control (HFC) | Controlling the high speed cooling fan. | ||
| High Fuel Pump (HFP) | An output circuit or signal from the PCM which controls the high speed fuel pump. | ||
| High Pinion (HP) | any differential designed for the pinion gear's axis to be above the ring gear's axis. Some require reverse-cut gearsets. The advantage is reduced driveshaft u-joint flex angles; the disadvantage is reduced oiling of the pinion gear & its bearings. | ||
| High Steer | any modification of the steering linkage that results in the tie rod assemblies being higher above ground than stock. Most often, it involves re-cutting the tapers in the steering knuckles so the TREs can mount from above. | ||
| High Swirl Combustion (HSC) | A cylinder and piston configuration that causes swirling of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder. | ||
| High-Energy Ignition System (HEI) | an ignition system capable of higher-than stock voltage. It is largely a marketing gimmick, with no appreciable performance or reliability improvement over most stock DI systems. | ||
| High-Intensity Discharge (HID) | A type of light bulb which uses high voltage to produce visible light in a manner similar to that of neon. They are much more efficient (less heat; lower current) than incandescent bulbs. | ||
| Hi-Po | High Performance | ||
| Hiss | A steady high noise, like an air leak from a tire. See NVH. | ||
| Hitch | A system of mechanisms that joins 2 vehicles (usually a truck & a trailer) for highway towing. The most popular styles are ball, pintle hook/lunette ring, and 5th wheel. There are several types of ball hitch, including tongue and goose-neck. Ball & pintle hitches can be bumper-mounted, or receiver style. Common hitch receivers are built in 4 classes, based on load capacity, with Class III (2" square, 5Kip pulling, 0.5Kip carrying) being the most popular for light trucks. A hitch may also incorporate an anti-sway system &/or a weight-distributing system. | ||
| HLA | Hydraulic Lash Adjuster. | ||
| HLDT | Headlight | ||
| HLOS | Hardware Limited Operating Strategy. | ||
| HO | High Output. | ||
| HO | High Output | ||
| HO2S | Heated Oxygen Sensor. | ||
| HO2S | Heated Oxygen Sensor | ||
| Hog Head | (slang) see Third Member. | ||
| Hook up | 1) gain adequate traction; 2) connect with recovery equipment. | ||
| Hot Soak | Period of time after an engine operates when its internal heat has not yet dissipated into the environment. | ||
| HP | 1) HorsePower (usually lower-case); 2) High Pinion; 3) High Performance | ||
| HP | High Performance or Horsepower | ||
| hp, HP | Horsepower | ||
| H-Pipe | a method of interconnecting the banks of a dual exhaust system in which a short tube is welded between the 2 main pipes to regulate & tune the pressure waves that cross between the banks. It is the most common factory type of dual exhaust. | ||
| HSC | High Swirl Combustion. | ||
| HSC | High Swirl Combustion | ||
| HSO | High Specific Output | ||
| HT | High Tension | ||
| HTR | Heater | ||
| Hub | The tubular rotating flange containing wheel bearings to which brakes & wheels are mounted. See also Hub Lock. | ||
| Hub Lock | A mechanism for connecting a hub to an axleshaft, most often on the front suspension of a 4WD vehicle. They may be operated manually (the most common), pneumatically, electrically, mechanically, or automatically (the 2nd most common). Although some name-brand aftermarket manual hub locks have achieved an elevated status, they are all virtually indistinguishable based on quality, durability, & warranty. The only noticeable difference is in the ease of operation of the selector knob. AKA (slang) Lockout, (slang) Locking Hub, (slang) Hub. | ||
| Hum | A low varying noise, like a distant light airplane. See NVH. | ||
| Hydraulic | any process, system, or mechanism which operates on the incompressibility of liquids. | ||
| Hydraulic Lash Adjuster (HLA) | A mechanism similar to a (solid) lifter which uses engine oil pressure to automatically adjust the valvetrain. AKA Tappet. | ||
| Hydraulic'ed or HydroLocked | A condition in which a piston engine has ingested a liquid into the cylinders, causing severe mechanical damage due to the fact that liquids cannot be compressed. It occurs most often when fording deeper than the air inlet duct, but can also occur from fuel flooding. | ||
| HydroBoost (HB) | A trademark name for a hydraulic brake booster. Most use fluid & pressure from the power steering pump, but some use a dedicated belt-driven pump & fluid system, or a dedicated electric pump with a pressurized reservoir. Contrast Vacuum Booster. | ||
| Hydrogen | A highly flammable gas element. Chemical symbol H. | ||
| Hydrogen Cell | an extremely efficient electrical generator with no moving parts, powered by refrigerated (liquefied) Hydrogen & Oxygen, producing only electricity & water. Often used in spacecraft. | ||
| Hydrogen Generator | An aftermarket or homemade device usually consisting of a glass jar containing water and a heating element (usually INcorrectly referred to as an electrode) with a hose leading to the intake manifold. Proponents suggest that the bubbles coming off the element are pure Hydrogen, and that the energy it adds to the combustion chamber is greater than that required to generate the electricity consumed by the device, making it economical. There is no scientific basis for this belief, and water cannot be hydrolyzed by a single electrode. Even those few with 2 electrodes that actually hydrolyze water are consuming more electricity than the engine produces as a result of the generator's activity, and are therefore reducing the overall efficiency. | ||
| HydroLock | See Hydraulic. | ||
| Hypoid Gears | A complex gear system using spiral teeth on non-intersecting non-parallel shafts. They combine the benefits of Helical gears with Bevel, but the teeth abrade each other. They are commonly used in axles. Contrast Bevel, Helical, Herringbone, Spur, Worm. | ||
| Hz | Hertz. A measure of frequency in cycles per second. | ||
| Hz | Hertz(Cycles Per Second) | ||
| i | the standard engineering abbreviation for electrical current, measured in Amperes | ||
| I.D. | Inside dimension | ||
| I.D. | Inside Diameter | ||
| IAB | Idle Air Bypass; see IAC. | ||
| IAC | Idle Air Control. | ||
| IACV | Idle Air Control Valve | ||
| IAT | Intake Air Temperature. AKA ACT | ||
| IAT | Intake Air Temperature | ||
| IATS | Intake Air Temperature Sensor | ||
| IC | Integrated Circuit | ||
| ICM | Ignition Control Module. | ||
| ICM | Ignition Control Module | ||
| ICS | Idle Control Solenoid | ||
| ID | Identification | ||
| IDI | Indirect Injection. | ||
| Idle Air Control (IAC) | A pulse-modulated solenoid valve which controls throttle bypass air to help control engine idle RPM. AKA Bypass Air Idle Speed Control solenoid (BPA-ISC). | ||
| IDM | Ignition Diagnostic Monitor. | ||
| IFI | Indirect Fuel Injection | ||
| IFS | 1. Independent Front Suspension; 2. Inertia Fuel Shutoff switch. | ||
| IGN | Ignition | ||
| IGN GND | Ignition Ground. | ||
| Ignition | System used to provide high voltage spark for internal combustion engines. | ||
| Ignition Control Module (ICM) | The module that controls the ignition system. | ||
| Ignition Diagnostic Monitor (IDM) | A signal or circuit from the ignition control module to the EEC/PCM. Compare SPOUT. | ||
| II | Integrated Ignition; see EDIS. | ||
| Imp | Impala | ||
| IMRC | Intake Manifold Runner Control. | ||
| IMRC | Intake Manifold Runner Control | ||
| IMS | Inferred Mileage Sensor. Compare Combo, EMW. | ||
| IMS-EUL | Inferred Mileage Sensor/Extended Useful Life Module. See Combo. | ||
| IMT | Intake Manifold Tuning. | ||
| In. | Inches | ||
| in. Hg | Inches of Mercury | ||
| Incandescent Bulb | The earliest type of electric light; it operates by passing current through a resistive filament within an inert gas, generating enough heat to maket the filament glow. The inert environment prolongs the life of the filament (usually Tungsten), and certain gases (halogens) accentuate the light produced. They are relatively inefficient & fragile. Compare HID, Fluorescent, LED. | ||
| Inch Lbs. | Inch Pounds | ||
| Independent Front Suspension (IFS) or Independent Rear Suspension (IRS) | A suspension system which allows either wheel to travel without inducing travel in the opposite wheel. Most incorporate a linkage which partially defeats this function called an anti-sway bar. They have the advantages of lower unsprung weight, better handling, & a smoother ride, but the disadvantages of more complex & delicate construction, more wearing parts, and more expensive alignment. Contrast Solid Axle. | ||
| Independent Shop | An auto repair business not associated with a vehicle manufacturer. | ||
| Indexing | A procedure for installing spark plugs so that their ground electrodes all point the same direction within the combustion chambers, theoretically to produce smoother, more-reliable power from the engine by causing all chambers to experience precisely the same (and possibly the ideal) propagation of the flame front. | ||
| Indirect Injection (IDI) | A diesel cylinder head design in which the fuel injector pintle is recessed in a pocket outside the combustion chamber. | ||
| Induction | 1) the process of moving air into an engine; 2) an electromagnetic process by which energy is transferred without physical contact. It is the basis for solenoids, motors, transformers, & induction heaters. | ||
| Inertia | The physical tendency of a mass (an object) to maintain its current speed & direction (even if stopped) until acted on by an external force. Compare Momentum. | ||
| Inertia Switch or Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) | A safety system or device used on vehicles with an electric fuel pump that shuts off the fuel delivery system when activated by predetermined force limits. | ||
| Inferred Mileage Sensor/Extended Useful Life Module (IMS-EUL) | Sometimes referred to as 'Infrared Mileage...' due to a typo in the Haynes manual. See Combo. | ||
| In-House | Repairs performed at the shop where the owner left the vehicle. Most jobs are this category. Contrast Sublet. | ||
| Inj. | Injector | ||
| Injection Pressure (IP) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates the pressure in the fuel rail. | ||
| Injector | A device for delivering metered pressurized fuel to the intake system or the cylinders. AKA fuel injector. | ||
| INT MAN | Intake manifold - the source of vacuum (on gas engines) to all vacuum-operated devices (carburetor/vacuum) | ||
| int, Int | Interior | ||
| Intake Air | Air drawn through a cleaner, regulated by a throttle, and distributed to each cylinder by a manifold for use in combustion. | ||
| Intake Air Temperature (IAT) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates the temperature of the intake air. It may be in a runner in the intake manifold, in the air cleaner, or in the duct between them. AKA ACT. | ||
| Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) | A system, signal, or circuit which controls airflow through runners in the intake manifold. | ||
| Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) | Control of airflow through runners in a split intake manifold. | ||
| Integral | Incorporated by design as a permanent feature of a part. Said of bellhousings, washers, differential carriers. Contrast Captive. | ||
| Integrated Electronic Ignition (EI) | An Electronic Ignition system that has the Ignition Control Module (ICM) integrated into the PCM. | ||
| Integrated Vehicle Speed Control (IVSC) | Cruise control system incorporated within the PCM, used primarily on diesels & vehicles with electronically-controlled throttle. | ||
| Intercooler | A component or system designed to cool the intake air, which has been heated by forced induction. The removal of heat from the pressurized air going into the intercooler increases the air density, which improves combustion efficiency, engine horsepower and torque. On some gasoline engines, the system consists of an additional radiator in the grille, a reservoir (independent from engine cooling system), an electric water pump, a heat exchanger (intercooler) located in the lower intake manifold and tubing to interconnect these components. On most diesel engines, heated & pressurized intake air from the turbocharger outlet is routed to a heat exchanger in the grille forward of the radiator, and then back to the intake manifold(s). | ||
| Intermittent | 1. A fault that may not be present or identifiable currently; 2. A wiper system or setting that pauses the motor to reduce smearing & noise. | ||
| IP | Injection Pressure. | ||
| IP | Injector Pump (diesel applications) | ||
| IP | Instrument Panel (also see below) | ||
| IRS | Independent Rear Suspension. | ||
| ISC | Idle Speed Control; see IAC. | ||
| ISC | Idle Speed Control | ||
| ISO | 1) International Standards Organization; 2) Isolate, Isolation. | ||
| ISO | International Standards Organization | ||
| ITCS | Ignition Timing Control System | ||
| ITS | Idle Tracking Switch | ||
| IVR | Instrument cluster Voltage Regulator; a calibrated thermostatic switch that regulates power (not voltage) going to an older thermal gauge that still uses a sender designed for 6VDC systems. | ||
| IVSC | Integrated Vehicle Speed Control. | ||
| IVSV | Idle Vacuum Switching Valve | ||
| IVV | Thermactor Idle Vacuum Valve (carburetor/vacuum) | ||
| IWE | Integrated Wheel End; a vacuum-operated hub lock & unit bearing system used on some '04-up Ford trucks. | ||
| J/B | Junction Block | ||
| Jamb Nut | A nut (usually thinner & harder than a standard nut of the same thread size) used to lock a sleeve or an adjacent nut on a threaded shaft by being tightened against it until both nuts bind. | ||
| JAS | Jet Air System | ||
| J-Nut | A stamped, formed, & hardened sheet metal nut that is J-shaped to slip over an edge. It provides a stronger threading surface for a bolt or screw than the material onto which it is installed. Unlike a U-nut, the male fastener passes through a hole in only one layer of the J-nut. | ||
| Jumper Battery | A portable 12V battery with cables & clamps capable of supplying over 120A to a vehicle. Most include an integrated 110VAC charging system and diagnostic charge indicator. Some may include flashlight, air compressor, inverter, radio, etc. AKA Booster Pack. | ||
| Jumper Cables | A pair of heavy wires with a connector or clamps capable of supplying over 120A from one vehicle to another for the purpose of instantly starting the engine whose battery is weak, or for slowly charging a dead battery. Longer wires must be of heavier gauge to carry enough current. They may also be used for battery welding. Contrast Booster Cables. | ||
| JY | Junkyard. | ||
| K | Thousand | ||
| k/ohms | kilo ohms or Kilohms (1000 ohms) | ||
| Kanooter Valve or Kanuter Valve or Kneuter Valve | A joke among mechanics & gearheads to detect amateurs. See KaleCo Automotive. | ||
| Keep Alive Memory (KAM) | A volatile portion of the PCM memory where (among other things) adaptive strategies & certain fault codes are stored. KAM must maintain power (KAPWR) even when the vehicle is not operating. | ||
| Keep Alive Power (KAPWR) | Dedicated, unswitched power circuit that maintains KAM. Disconnecting the battery for more than ~2min depletes the PCM's built-in backup KAPWR, and causes the KAM to be lost. | ||
| Key On Engine Off Self-Test (KOEO) | A test of the EEC system conducted by the PCM with power applied and the engine at rest. Only basic circuit functions are tested; not the logic of the outputs. | ||
| Key On Engine Running Self-Test (KOER) | A test of the EEC system conducted by the PCM with the engine running and the vehicle at rest. In addition to all KOEO functionality, KOER also checks the logic of certain signals to certain others. E.g., a high MAF reading with a low RPM will generate a KOER DTC. | ||
| Keyless Entry (KE) | A system using a keypad on the driver's door to allow operation of the PL, courtesy lights, & trunk. Contrast Remote Keyless Entry (RKE). | ||
| Keystone Clamp | A simple hose clamp comprising a strap loop with a flat-topped arch buckled into it. When the legs of the arch are crimped toward each other, the clamp tightens & the arch becomes a triangle, similar in shape to a keystone. | ||
| kg | kilograms (weight) | ||
| kg/cm | Kilograms Per Square Centimeter | ||
| kHz | Kilohertz | ||
| Kip | thousand pounds; Kilo-pounds; x,000lbs. | ||
| kit | Multiple pieces | ||
| Km | Kilometers | ||
| km, Km | Kilometers | ||
| KM/H | Kilometers Per Hour | ||
| Knock | 1) The sharp metallic sound produced when two pressure fronts collide in the combustion chamber of an engine. It may be caused by hotspots in the combustion chamber (either from poor engine design, carbon buildup, or overheating), high compression, low octane numbered fuel, a lean condition, low oil pressure, valvetrain slack, ignition timing too far advanced (high BTDC), insufficient EGR flow, or incorrect spark plugs. It can cause severe engine damage, including burning through pistons, valve or head damage, overheating, catalyst damage, exhaust leaks, ruptured head gaskets, or backfire (and that resulting damage). AKA Valve Clatter, Dieseling, Preignition, Detonation, Pinging. 2) Any heavy repeating sound, like brick falling on pavement. | ||
| Knock Sensor (KS) | A peizolectric sensor installed in the engine block which detects any vibration similar to engine knock. According to some Ford engineers, it causes worse performance than it prevents. If unplugging it causes a code, unscrew it from the block, reconnect it, and tape it to the harness so it can't touch anything metallic. | ||
| Knock-Off | 1) (slang) a cheap copy; 2) a style of wheel retained on the axle by a single central nut designed to be loosened by striking a wing with a lead hammer, common on antique cars. | ||
| KOEC | Key On, Engine Cranking | ||
| KOEO | Key On Engine Off. | ||
| KOEO | Key On, Engine Off | ||
| KOER | Key On Engine Running. | ||
| KOER | Key On, Engine Running | ||
| KPA | Kilopascal. Metric unit of pressure. 3.386 kPa = 1 inch of mercury (Hg.). | ||
| kPa | kilopascals | ||
| KPH | Kilometers Per Hour. Metric unit of speed. 1.6 KPH = 1 MPH; 0.6 MPH = 1 KPH. | ||
| KS | Knock Sensor. | ||
| KS | Knock Sensor | ||
| Ksi | thousand psi; Kilo-pounds per square inch; x,000 psi. | ||
| kV | Kilovolt | ||
| kW – Kilowatt | |||
| L | 1) Liters. Metric unit of volume; 2) Left, from the operator's perspective while the vehicle is in motion; 3) Lightning. | ||
| L | Liter | ||
| L.O.F | Lube, oil & filter | ||
| L.P.O. | Limited Production Order | ||
| L/D | Light Duty | ||
| L/R | Left/Right | ||
| L/S or LSD | Limited-Slip Differential. | ||
| Ladder Frame | The most common style of frame consisting of 2 parallel members (frame rails, roughly horizontal) running the full length of the vehicle, and connected by perpendicular members (crossmembers). The rails & crossmembers may be channels or tubular (boxed). Contrast Unibody, Monocoque, Subframe. | ||
| Lake Pipes | A popular brand of sidepipe, offered as OE on some vehicles like the '67 Corvette L88. | ||
| LB | Long bed | ||
| LB | 1) Light Blue wire or vacuum line; 2) (lb) librae (Latin) = pounds | ||
| lb./ft. | Pound Feet | ||
| lbf | pounds force, distinguished from lbm (pounds mass). | ||
| lb-ft | pound-feet; a measure of torque (typically used for STATIC torque, as in tightening fasteners). 1 lb-ft = 1 lbf at 1 ft from the center of rotation = 2 lbf @ 0.5' = 10 lbf @ 0.1'... | ||
| lbm | pounds mass, distinguised from lbf (pounds force). | ||
| lbs. | Pounds | ||
| LCD | Liquid Crystal Display. | ||
| LCD | Liquid Crystal Display | ||
| LCM | Lighting Control Module - an electronic component that controls vehicle lighting, inside & out. | ||
| LCV | EGR Load Control Valve (carburetor/vacuum) | ||
| LD | Light Duty | ||
| LD, L.D. | Left hand drive | ||
| LDDT | Light Duty Diesel Truck. | ||
| LDT | Light Duty (gasoline, CNG, or FF) Truck. | ||
| LDV | Light Duty (gasoline, CNG, or FF) Vehicle, generally passenger cars and light trucks under 6000 pounds GVWR. | ||
| Leakdown Test | a specialized test of a cylinder's ability to hold pressure. Compare Compression Test. | ||
| Lean | 1) a fuel/air mixture that has more air than is necessary for the fuel to burn. In gasoline engines, it results in slightly more power, but also excessive heat and a tendency to detonate rather than burn. The excess heat also leads to the formation of NOx, oxidation of Aluminum pistons & heads, and overheating. In diesel engines, the engine runs cooler & makes less power. Contrast Rich. 2) a side tilt, as viewed from front or rear. | ||
| LED | Light-Emitting Diode | ||
| LED | Light Emitting Diode | ||
| LED Display | A digital electronic display consisting of an array of LEDs, used to generate characters, symbols, & patterns. Very large displays using several colors of LED can be used to create video displays, such as on blimps. Contrast LCD, VFD. | ||
| Left, Left side | The driver side of vehicle | ||
| LEV | Low Emission Vehicle. | ||
| Lf, LF, L.F. | Left front | ||
| LFC | Low Fan Control. | ||
| LFP | Low Fuel Pump. | ||
| LG | Light Green wire or vacuum line. | ||
| LH | Left hand | ||
| LHD | Left-Hand Drive. | ||
| LHD | Left Hand Drive | ||
| LHDE | Light Heavy Duty Engine. | ||
| LHF | Left Hand Front, from the operator's perspective while the vehicle is in motion. | ||
| LHR | Left Hand Rear, from the operator's perspective while the vehicle is in motion. | ||
| LHS | Left Hand Side, from the operator's perspective while the vehicle is in motion. | ||
| LIFO | Last In First Out. A stock management pattern. Contrast LILO, FIFO, FILO. | ||
| Lift | 1) Any modification that raises a vehicle's ride height, measured at the top of the arch above each wheel. See Tire Lift, Suspension Lift, Body Lift; 2) A machine to raise an entire vehicle off the ground for service. | ||
| Lifter | An engine part which rides against a cam lobe and operates a pushrod, rocker arm, or valve (directly). Most rotate to reduce wear, and some are hydraulically adjusted. Some have a roller that rides against the cam lobes to reduce friction. AKA Tappet, HLA. | ||
| Light Truck | A truck with a nominal cargo capacity less than 2 tons. Contrast Convertible, Coupe, Pickup, Roadster, Sedan, Van, Wagon-body. | ||
| Light-Emitting Diode | An electronic device which uses semiconductor material to generate light. They are very efficient (very little heat compared to the light output) and have extremely long lifespans. Contrast Incandescent Bulb. See LED Display. | ||
| Lightning | A high-performance option package created by Ford SVO/SVT for F150 XLTs including (among MANY other things) the largest 1/2-ton engine for the given model year & a monochromatic paint scheme either in black, red, or white with "Lightning" logos inside & out. Only one Lightning Bronco was produced for a Ford executive. Compare Custom, XL, XLS, XLT, XLT Sport, Nite, Eddie Bauer. | ||
| LILO | Last In Last Out. A stock management pattern. Contrast LIFO, FIFO, FILO. | ||
| Limited Slip Posi | A rear that allows the opposite wheel to engage if the other begins to spin | ||
| Limited-Slip Differential (LSD or L/S) | A type of differential which uses constant friction in an attempt to keep both outputs turning at the same speed, while still allowing true differentiation when necessary. Contrast Open Differential, Locker, Torque-Biasing Differential, Spool. | ||
| Lincoln-Locker | An OE open differential which has been welded solid, into a spool. It is named for the popular brand of welding machine. If done incorrectly, the axleshafts can never be removed, OR it can shatter during extreme use. | ||
| Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) | A digital electronic display which uses a thin layer of liquid crystal between layers of glass, and behind a polarizing filter. Transparent electrical terminals are embedded in the liquid layer so that, when a voltage is applied, the crystals polarize the light passing through them. The interaction between the crystals & the polarizing filter results in some areas of the display being black while others remain transparent. LCDs do not generate light, but can be placed in front of reflectors or lights to increase contrast. Common applications include pocket calculators, wristwatches, digital wall clocks, & certain computer monitors and TV screens. The effect is that characters or images can be generated in the shapes of the terminals in the display. Contrast LED, LED Display, VFD. | ||
| Liquid Wrench | a brand name of penetrating oil. | ||
| LLT | Limited LifeTime warranty. | ||
| LNG | Liquified Natural Gas. See Natural Gas. Compare CNG; contrast LPG. | ||
| Locked | 1) equipped with a locking differential (or several); 2) (fasteners) prevented from turning &/or loosening due to vibration or load; contrast Seized. | ||
| Locked up | 1) (engine) seized; 2) (differential) see Locked. | ||
| Locker or Locking Differential or Full-Locker | A mechanism which replaces the standard differential carrier and semi-permanently connects 2 output shafts (as in a differential) using springs & meshed teeth, but no gears. It does not provide true differentiation, but does allow the shafts to rotate at different speeds under certain conditions. The most popular is the Detroit Locker, now owned by Eaton. Contrast Selectable Locker, Mini-Locker, Open Differential, Limited-Slip Differential, Torque-Biasing Differential, Spool. | ||
| Locking Hub or Lockout | (slang) See Hub Lock. | ||
| Long block | An engine that has heads installed. (Also see Short block) | ||
| Long Block | An engine assembly consisting of a cylinder block, a crankshaft, all the bearings, all the connecting rods, all the pistons and rings, all the cylinder heads, a camshaft, timing gears/chains/covers, the assembled valvetrain, & most of the seals. Some also include an oil pump, an oil pan, a water pump, an intake manifold, a distributor, & a gasket set. Contrast Short Block, Smallblock, Bigblock. | ||
| Long Term Fuel Trim (LONGFT1 and 2) | While the engine is operating in closed loop fuel, the short term fuel trim corrections can be 'learned' by the PCM as long term fuel trim corrections. These corrections are stored in keep alive memory (KAM) in tables that are referenced by engine speed and load (and by bank for engines with two HO2S sensors forward of the catalyst). Learning the corrections in KAM improves both open loop and closed loop air/fuel ratio control. Advantages include short term fuel trim does not have to generate new corrections each time the engine goes into closed loop; and, long term fuel trim corrections can be used both while in open loop and closed loop modes. Long term fuel trim is represented as a percentage, just like short term fuel trim, however it is not a single parameter. There is a separate long term fuel trim value that is used for each rpm/load point of engine operation. Long term fuel trim corrections may change depending on the operating conditions of the engine (rpm and load), ambient air temperature and fuel quality (% alcohol, oxygenates, etc.). When viewing the LONGFT1/2 PID(s), the values may change a great deal as the engine is operated at different rpm and load points. The LONGFT1/2 PID(s) will display the long term fuel trim correction that is currently being used at that rpm/load point. | ||
| Long-Tube Header | A header whose collector is below the oil pan or outside the frame rails. See Header. Compare Shorty. | ||
| Low Fan Control (LFC) | Controlling the low speed cooling fan. | ||
| Low Fuel Pump (LFP) | An output circuit or signal from the PCM which controls the low speed fuel pump. | ||
| LPG | Liquified Petroleum Gas. See Natural Gas. | ||
| Lr, LR, L.R. | Left rear | ||
| LT | Light Truck; a truck in the 1/2- to 2-ton cargo range between 72 & 80" wide with a ladder frame. | ||
| LTFT | Long Term Fuel Trim | ||
| LUBR | Lifted Uncut early BRonco. | ||
| Lunchbox Locker | A simplified type of aftermarket locking differential which only requires replacing the internals; not the entire carrier. They are considered weaker for several reasons. AKA Mini-locker. | ||
| Lunette Eye | a heavy-duty hitch system characterized by a large cast-steel ring (the eye) gripped by a pintle hook. It is popular in US military applications, and for tandem heavy truck trailers. | ||
| LVW | Loaded Vehicle Weight, defined by Curb Weight + 300 lbs. | ||
| LWB | Long Wheel Base | ||
| LWR | Lower | ||
| M | fuel code for Methanol | ||
| M/T | Manual Transmission/Transaxle. | ||
| M5HD | ZF S5-45 M5OD-HD manual 5-sp OD heavy-duty transmission. | ||
| M5OD | A designation for 3 distinct manual transmissions the Mazda M5OD-R1 used in mid-sized trucks; the Mazda M5OD-R2 (M5OD-LD) used in fullsize light trucks; and 2 similar ZF models the S5-42 (M5OD-LD) & the S5-45 (M5OD-HD, or M5HD) used in fullsize heavy-duty light trucks. All have an Aluminum case with integral bellhousing, and were available in 2- or 4WD configurations. The Mazdas are considered unreliable and are commonly referred to as "Mazdog". The ZF, though not without its own problems, is highly sought-after as an upgrade transmission; particularly the 4WD versions. | ||
| M85 | Fuel containing 85% methanol alcohol. Fuel methanol (M85) is a mixture of approximately 85% commercial grade methanol (M100) and 15% unleaded gasoline. The resulting fuel has a higher octane rating than unleaded regular gasoline, allowing engine designs with higher compression and corresponding greater engine efficiency and performance (power). Winter blends may contain up to 30% unleaded gasoline to enhance cold engine starts, hence the sometimes-used M85-M70 designation. Severely cold weather may require additional measures for reliable starting. Methanol corrodes some metals and may cause some plastic and rubber components to swell, break down or become brittle and crack, especially when mixed with gasoline. Special materials and procedures have been developed for vehicles and the dispensers used by M85 fuel providers. Since methanol has less energy per gallon, fuel economy in miles per gallon will decrease as the percentage of methanol goes up. However, the FFV uses more of the energy available in the fuel when running on M85-M70 than on gasoline. Flexible fuel vehicles burning fuel methanol have lower exhaust emissions than comparable gasoline vehicles. | ||
| mA | Milliamps | ||
| MA/MAF | Mass Air Flow | ||
| MacPherson Strut | A combined suspension mechanism, incorporating a coilover shock (sometimes as a replaceable cartridge on early versions), an upper pivoting mount, and a rigid lower mount that attaches to a spindle or steering knuckle. It is commonly used on front-wheel-drive & unibody vehicles to save weight & complexity, at the expense of ruggedness and replacement costs. This design eliminates the need for an upper control arm, due to the strut's rigid lower mount controlling the spindle/knuckle in all angles except steering. Contrast Coilover Shock. | ||
| MAF | Mass Air Flow. | ||
| MAF RTN | Mass Air Flow Return. | ||
| MAFS | Mass Air Flow Sensor | ||
| MagnaFlux | A process using electromagnetic induction & powdered iron dust to detect flaws in magnetizable parts. The dust particles collect near fractures, making them easier to identify, evaluate, &/or repair. | ||
| Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) | A required on-board indicator to alert the driver of an emission related malfunction. May read either 'CHECK ENGINE' or 'SERVICE ENGINE SOON.' Compare CEL, SES. | ||
| Mall-Crawler | a vehicle apparently well-equipped for extreme off-roading (or its owner), but meticulously clean & undamaged, indicating total lack of such use. AKA Poser. | ||
| MAN VAC | Manifold Vacuum (carburetor/vacuum). Measurement can yield valuable diagnostic information about the engine. | ||
| man, Man | Manual | ||
| Manifold | A device designed to collect or distribute a fluid, like air, exhaust, coolant, or fuel. | ||
| Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) | A sensor which detects the absolute pressure of the intake manifold air. | ||
| Manual Lever Position Switch (MLPS or MLP) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates the selected drive modes of the transmission. AKA NSS, PNP, TR, DTR. | ||
| MAP | Manifold Absolute Pressure. | ||
| MAP | Manifold Absolute Pressure | ||
| Marvel Mystery Oil (MMO) | An aftermarket brand of fluids; particularly, an oil/fuel additive that looks similar to ATF. | ||
| Mass Air Flow (MAF) | A system or sensor which provides information on the mass flow rate of the intake air to the EEC/PCM for engine management. | ||
| Mass Air Flow Return (MAF RTN) | A return (ground) circuit for the MAF sensor signal. | ||
| MAT | Manifold Air Temperature | ||
| Match Mounting Tires | A technique used to reduce radial runout and tire spring rate on tire and wheel assemblies. Excessive runout is a source of ride complaints and match mounting can be used to minimize the runout. There are two ways to use match mounting positioning of the tire on the wheel and positioning the wheel on the hub. | ||
| MayPops | (slang) cheap or treadbare tires. | ||
| MC | Master Cylinder; the input device for a manual (pedal) hydraulic system. Commonly used in hydraulic brake & clutch systems, sometimes sharing a reservoir. See Slave Cylinder. | ||
| MCS | Mixture Control Solenoid | ||
| MCT | Manifold Charge Temperature | ||
| MCU | Motronic Control Unit. See EEC. | ||
| MD | Misfire Detection. | ||
| Mechanical Secondary Air Injection | A pump driven system for providing secondary air using a belt driven pump. Contrast Pulse Air Injection System & Electronic Secondary Air Injection. | ||
| Mem. | Memory | ||
| MEM/CAL | Memory Calibration Chip | ||
| Methanol | Wood alcohol; CH3OH. An inexpensive but poisonous fuel additive used to reduce the cost of fuel, and emissions. Blends containing more than ~5% methanol require special engine management & fuel system materials. See M85. | ||
| mfd. | Microfarads | ||
| MFI | Multiport Fuel Injection. | ||
| MFI | Multiport Fuel Injection | ||
| MFS | Multi-Function Switch. | ||
| MHDDE | Medium Heavy Duty Diesel Engine. | ||
| MHDE | Medium Heavy Duty (gasoline, CNG, or FF) Engine. | ||
| mi, Mi | Miles | ||
| Microprocessor | A digital processor on a chip which performs logical operations on data. | ||
| MIL | Malfunction Indicator Lamp. | ||
| MIL | Malfunction Indicator Light | ||
| Military Wrap | A method of reinforcing a leaf spring pack by wrapping the 2nd leaf around the eyes on the 1st leaf. If the eye fails, the 2nd wrap secures the pack to the vehicle temporarily. | ||
| MilSpec | Military Specifications; a stringent set of design standards for almost any part or material. | ||
| Mini-Locker | An aftermarket part which replaces the contents of an open differential carrier with a spring & tooth mechanism to semi-permanently lock the outputs together. Contrast Locker (Full-Locker). | ||
| Mini-Spool | An aftermarket part which replaces the contents of an open differential carrier in order to lock the outputs together. Contrast Spool (Full-Spool). | ||
| Minivan | A midsize passenger van under 5000lbs GVWR, generally unibody FWD. | ||
| Mint | a vehicle that has been returned to its original condition, as it might have appeared on a dealer's lot after being prepped for delivery. | ||
| Misfire (Miss) | Any event in the cylinder that causes a sudden change (decrease) in the speed of the crankshaft. | ||
| Misfire Detection (MD) | Circuitry designed to detect a misfire by monitoring changes in acceleration of a wheel mounted on the crankshaft through a CKP. | ||
| mldg | Molding | ||
| MLPS or MLP | Manual Lever Position Switch. See also DTR. | ||
| mm | Millimeters | ||
| Modular | A Ford V engine family introduced in the early 90s in which each head and the block were considered "modules". It includes the 4.6L V8, 5.4L V8, 8.0L V10, 5.0L V8, & 6.2L V8. | ||
| Module | A self-contained group of electrical/electronic components, which is designed as a single replaceable unit. | ||
| Momentum | the quantity of energy carried by a moving mass, relative to some fixed point. High speed &/or mass results in high momentum. | ||
| Monitor Box | An optional EEC system test device which connects in series with the PCM and its harness and permits measurements of PCM inputs and outputs. | ||
| Monocoque | A lightweight style of vehicle construction used in early race cars & airplanes consisting of a stressed structural skin, to which all other components are attached. Contrast Unibody, Ladder Frame. | ||
| Motor | 1. A device which converts electrical energy into rotating mechanical energy; 2. A device which converts vacuum into linear motion (vacuum motor); 3. An engine (slang) | ||
| Mount | A mechanical connection that holds a major component to a vehicle's chassis, such as an engine mount (motor mount), transmission mount, or body mount. Most isolate the component's vibrations from the chassis with rubber &/or a viscous fluid (fluid mount), usually silicone grease or oil. Solid mounts are used in high-load appliacations where occupant comfort is less of a concern than absolute reliability, such as engine mounts for flat-track racers. | ||
| mouse, Mouse, Mouse motor | Small block Chevy engine | ||
| MPG | Miles Per Gallon | ||
| MPG | Miles Per Gallon | ||
| mpg, Mpg, MPG | Miles per gallon | ||
| MPH | Miles Per Hour | ||
| MPH | Miles Per Hour | ||
| mph, Mph, MPH | Miles per hour | ||
| MPI | Multi Point (Fuel) Injection | ||
| MPV | Multi Purpose Vehicle | ||
| ms | Millisecond | ||
| MT, man | Manual transmission | ||
| Muffler | A resonating chamber used to reduce sound emissions in an airflow, usually engine exhaust. | ||
| Muffler Bearing | A joke among mechanics & gearheads to detect amateurs. See KaleCo Automotive. | ||
| Multi-Function Switch (MFS) | A switch that combines the functions of turn signal, hazard, beam select, flash-to-pass, wiper & interval, and sometimes cornering lamp control. | ||
| Multiplexing | The process of communicating several messages over the same signal path. The increased number of modules on the vehicle dictates a more efficient method of communication. This process allows multiple modules to communicate with each other through the signal path (BUS+/BUS-). Modules communicate with the powertrain control module using Standard Corporate Protocol (SCP) which determines the priority in which the signals are sent. (See SCP.) Multiplexing reduces the weight of the vehicle by reducing electrical wiring. | ||
| Multiport Fuel Injection (MFI) | A fuel-delivery system in which cylinders receive fuel by individual injectors that are opened in groups (usually 2 'banks' which do NOT correspond to the cylinder banks of a V engine). Normally fuel is delivered to each cylinder once per two crankshaft revolutions in four cycle engines and once per crankshaft revolution in two cycle engines. Compare Sequential Multiport Fuel Injection; contrast Central Fuel Injection, Throttle-Body Fuel Injection. | ||
| Mumford Link | A method of laterally locating an axle, consisting of 2 long bars attached either to the frame or axle at their far ends, and 3 more bars between them with 2 points of attachment. The system allows the axle to roll (sway) or to move straight up & down, but not laterally. Contrast Panhard Bar, Watts Link. | ||
| mV | Millivolts | ||
| MY | Model Year. | ||
| N.m | Newton Meter | ||
| N/D Switch | Neutral/Drive Switch; see Neutral Start/Safety Switch. | ||
| NA | Not Available | ||
| NAAO | North American Automotive Operations. | ||
| NATB | Nationa Auto Theft Bureau. | ||
| Natural | A color of plastic without dyes or pigments semi-transparent milky white or light brown. | ||
| Natural Gas (NG) | A system capable of using compressed or liquefied natural gas (CNG/LNG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as vehicle fuel. | ||
| Naturally Aspirated (N/A) | An unforced-induction system which allows air to flow into the intake manifold by atmospheric pressure alone. Contrast Forced Induction, Turbocharger, Ram Air, Supercharger. | ||
| NBO2 | Narrow Band Oxygen Sensor | ||
| NC | 1) Normally Closed; 2) National Coarse threads | ||
| NCP | Non Compliance Penalty. | ||
| Nerf Bar | A medium-weight beam below the rocker panel designed to fend-off minor damage when a vehicle drives off-road, and also as a step. Contrast Step Bar; Rock Slider; Exo-Cage. | ||
| Neutral Start/Safety Switch (NSS) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates the selected non-drive modes of the transmission. AKA MLP, MLPS, N/D Switch, PNP, TR, DTR. | ||
| New, Old Stock (NOS) | a category of part that is not 'new' in the sense that it might be 20 years old, but has never been installed, and is usually in OE packaging. | ||
| NF | National Fine threads | ||
| NG | Natural Gas. | ||
| NGC | New Generation Controller | ||
| NGS | New Generation Star | ||
| NIB | New, In the Box - a part or kit in the condition one would expect when buying retail. | ||
| Nipple | a tubular fluid connector for a hose. Compare Zerk. | ||
| Nite | A cosmetic option package above XLT for '89-92 F150s & Broncos including monochromatic black paint, blacked-out chrome, a body tape stripe that fades from blue to purple or pink to blue (depending on year), and matching upholstery. Compare Custom, XL, XLS, XLT, XLT Sport, Lightning, Eddie Bauer. | ||
| NO | Normally Open. | ||
| No. | Number | ||
| Noise | Any sound that the driver finds distracting or objectionable. | ||
| NOM, N.O.M. | Not Original Motor | ||
| NORS, N.O.R.S. | New old reconditioned stock | ||
| NOS | 1) Nitrous Oxide Systems™, a division of Holley - the largest producer of automotive nitrous-oxide systems; 2) a nitrous-oxide system; 3) New, Old Stock; 4) common shield gas for welding 25% Argon 75% CO2. | ||
| NOS, N.O.S. | New old stock or Nitrous Oxide | ||
| Nos. | Numbers | ||
| NOx | Oxides of Nitrogen; the main chemicals responsible for acid rain. | ||
| NOx | Oxides of Nitrogen | ||
| NP 208 | A common early chain-driven 4WD (no internal differential) part-time 2-speed transfer case built by New Process Gear with a fixed front yoke output on the L side. The NP 208F variant was built for Ford trucks. It was replaced by the BW 1342 & 1356 beginning around 1986. Eventually all Ford fullsize 4WD light trucks got the 1356, including the F550 PSTD. | ||
| NP 435 | A common 4-speed manual transmission built by New Process Gear, known for its robustness & durability, even when used in 5-ton trucks. Although no longer in production, it is still in use in many UPS delivery trucks, and is a popular swap for off-road vehicles. | ||
| NPT | National Pipe Threads which are tapered near the tip to form a seal. | ||
| NSS | Neutral Start/Safety Switch. | ||
| NTSB | National Traffic Safety Board. A federal office which oversees many aspects of motor vehicles. | ||
| Nut | A female fastener that typically provides a pre-threaded hole for a screw or bolt. Machine-threaded nuts are generally hex-shaped. See Grade, U-Nut, J-Nut, Press-Nut. | ||
| NVG | New Venture Gear; the new name for New Process. | ||
| NVH | Noise, Vibration, Harshness. A classification of vehicle concerns. | ||
| NVRAM | Non-Volatile Random Access Memory; a type of RAM that doesn't require power to retain its data. | ||
| NVRAM | Nonvolatile Random Access Memory | ||
| O | 1) fuel code for Other; 2) chemical symbol for Oxygen. | ||
| O.A.T. | Organic Acid Technology; a type of engine coolant. | ||
| O.D. | Outside dimension | ||
| O.D. | Outside Diameter | ||
| O/S | Oversize | ||
| O2 | Oxygen | ||
| O2S | Oxygen Sensor | ||
| OASIS | On-line Automotive Service Information System; the Ford data network used by dealership technicians, service advisors, & parts. | ||
| OBA | On-Board Air; a compressed air supply system built into a vehicle, usually a compressor driven by the engine belt, usually with a storage tank. It may be a converted A/C compressor, a dedicated air compressor, or a remote electric compressor. | ||
| OBD | On Board Diagnostic. | ||
| OBD | On-board Diagnostics | ||
| OBD I | On-board Diagnostics 1 | ||
| OBD II | On-board Diagnostics 2 | ||
| OBD III | On-board Diagnostics 3 | ||
| OBD-I | (slang) A technically meaningless term commonly used for all types/brands/standards of electronic engine management systems before the OBD-II standard. | ||
| OBD-II | A national (and now international) standard for automotive engine management, emissions control, and fault reporting systems required in the US since 1996. It allows a single scanner to connect to all makes & models of vehicles for the purpose of monitoring & diagnosing most operating aspects of the engine and associated electronic systems. Some scanners have substantially more capabilities than others, such as real-time monitoring or reprogramming the engine computer. | ||
| OBS | Old Body Style | ||
| OC | Oxidation Catalytic Convertor. | ||
| OC | Oxidation Catalyst | ||
| OCBR | Oklahoma Classic Broncos Roundup; the 2nd-largest early Bronco off-road event held annually, usually in September at the SuperLift ORV Park in Hot Springs, AR. | ||
| OCIL | Overdrive Cancel Indicator Lamp. AKA TCIL | ||
| OCS | Overdrive Cancel Switch. AKA TCS | ||
| OCT ADJ | Octane Adjust. | ||
| Octane Adjust (OCT ADJ) | A circuit or shorting connector (jumper) that alters engine strategy to compensate for changes in fuel octane rating. | ||
| OD | Overdrive | ||
| OD, O.D. | Overdrive | ||
| OE | Original Equipment. Parts installed on a vehicle at the factory. Contrast Direct-Replacement, Aftermarket. | ||
| OE | Original Equipment | ||
| OEM | Original Equipment Manufacturer. The original producer of factory-installed parts. | ||
| OEM | Original Equipment Manufacturer | ||
| OEM, O.E.M. | Original equipment manufacturer | ||
| Offy | (slang) Offenhauser; a brand name of race engine & performance parts. | ||
| OHC | Overhead Cam. | ||
| OHC | Over Head Camshaft | ||
| OHC, O.H.C. | Over head cam | ||
| Ohm | 1) a physicist who identified the fundamental relationship between voltage (V, Volts), resistance (Ω or R, Ohms), and current (i or A, Amperes) as V = R x i ; 2) the standard measure of electrical resistance; (slang) the procedure of testing resistance or continuity ("Ohming"). | ||
| OHV | Off-Highway Vehicle. AKA Off-Road Vehicle (ORV). | ||
| OHV | Over Head Valve | ||
| Oil-to-Air (O2A) | a heat exchanger such as a transmission, power steering, or engine oil cooler. | ||
| OMV or DMV | Office/Department of Motor Vehicles. A state office which typically oversees & administers motor vehicle registration, titles, & driver's licenses. | ||
| On Board Diagnostic (OBD) | A system that monitors some or all computer input and control signals. Signal(s) outside of the predetermined limits imply a fault in the system or in a related system. | ||
| One-of or One-Off | One-of-a-kind; an unusually-modified or fabricated part or system; strange; unconventional; unique. Contrast OE, Direct-Replacement. | ||
| Open Circuit | A circuit which does not provide a complete path for current flow (Off, broken circuit). Contrast Closed Circuit. | ||
| Open Differential | A differential which divides the input torque (engine) inversely to the amount of resistance on the outputs (traction). Contrast Limited-Slip Differential, Locker, Torque-Biasing Differential, Spool. | ||
| Open rear | Non posi rear | ||
| Open Loop | A mode of PCM operation during which actator outputs are based on programmed information stored in ROM. The PCM always starts in open loop until certain criteria are met, and many outputs are inactive during this mode. Contrast Closed Loop. | ||
| Open-Element Air Filter | A popular style of aftermarket air filter that has no box to keep out underhood air. The common misconception is that the factory box somehow restricts airflow, and that removing the box will allow more air into the engine. Under certain conditions, it may; but durning most modes, the fact that warm underhood air is being consumed reduces the engine's power & efficiency. See CAI. | ||
| O-Pipe | A joke among mechanics & gearheads to detect amateurs. See KaleCo Automotive. | ||
| Or | Orange wire or vacuum line. | ||
| orig, Orig | Original | ||
| O-Ring | A simple rubber ring used as a seal. Most have a round cross-section, but some are square, rectangular, or diamond. The term may also be applied to simple rubber seals molded into other shapes than "O". | ||
| ORP | Off-Road Park. | ||
| ORV | Off-Road Vehicle. AKA Off-Highway Vehicle (OHV). | ||
| ORVR | On-board Refueling Vapor Recovery. | ||
| OS | Oxygen Sensor | ||
| OSS | Output Shaft Speed. | ||
| OTA | Oil-To-Air fluid cooler (heat exchanger). | ||
| Otto Cycle | The thermodynamic process (named for a German scientist) which takes place in most gasoline engines (reciprocating & Wankel; 2-stroke & 4-stroke). Contrast Diesel, Sterling, fuel cell. | ||
| Output Shaft Speed (OSS) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates the rotational speed of the transmission output shaft. | ||
| Overhead Cam (OHC) | An engine configuration that uses a single camshaft positioned above the valves. | ||
| Overlay Card | A plastic card used with the monitor box to identify EEC signals for each engine. The card also programs the monitor box for auto mode measurements. | ||
| OWL | Outlined White Letters; a style of tire sidewall design. See also RWL. | ||
| Oxidation Catalytic Convertor (OC) | A catalytic convertor system that reduces levels of HC and CO. | ||
| Oxygen Sensor (O2S) | A sensor which detects oxygen (O2) content in the exhaust gases. Compare HEGO, HO2S. | ||
| oz. | Ounce | ||
| Ozone | A corrosive toxic blue gaseous form of oxygen (O3) formed naturally by electric discharge or high-altitude exposure to ultraviolet radiation. It blocks UV & other radiation from striking the surface of the Earth, but is broken down by many industrial chemicals including older refrigerants. | ||
| ozs. | Ounces | ||
| P | Park | ||
| P.O.P., Protect-O-Plate | A metal tag glued onto the warrantly pamphlet that contained car and owner information. Used by the dealer when warranty work was performed. | ||
| P/B | Power Bakes | ||
| P/C | Printed Circuit | ||
| P/D MTR | Park/Decelerate vacuum Motor; AKA Dashpot (carburetor/vacuum) | ||
| P/N | Park/Neutral | ||
| P/N | Part Number | ||
| P/S | Power Steering | ||
| PA | Public Address; a loudspeaker system, which (on vehicles) is typically connected to a CB radio or an emergency siren. | ||
| PA | Pressure Air | ||
| PAG | 1) PolyAlkaline Glycol; an oil used in R-134a systems available in 3 viscosities PAG-46 (all Fords), PAG-100 (most others, including most retrofit kits), & PAG 150. 2) Premier Automotive Group; Ford's collection of high-end subsidiaries including Lincoln, Volvo, Aston Martin, & until recently, Jaguar and Land Rover. | ||
| Panel Van | A van with a 1-piece purpose-built body specifically suilted to its intended purpose, such as UPS delivery vans. | ||
| Panhard Bar | A simple method of laterally locating an axle, consisting of a pivot on the frame, a parallel pivot on the axle housing (as far from the frame pivot as possible), and a nearly-horizontal bar between them. It allows the axle to roll (sway) or to move vertically, but not laterally. If the whole axle moves, it follows an arc and shifts toward the frame mount, which is the main drawback to a Panhard suspension. Leaf spring suspensions don't require any lateral control since the leaves provide that strength. AKA Track Bar. Contrast Watts Link, Mumford Link. | ||
| PAnt | Power Antenna | ||
| Parameter Identification (PID) | Identifies an address in the PCM memory which contains vehicle operating information. | ||
| Park/Neutral Position (PNP) | 1) A sensor, signal, or circuit which indicates the selected non-drive modes of the transmission. AKA MLP, MLPS, NSS, TR, DTR; 2) A semiconductor configuration of positive-negative-positive. Contrast NPN. | ||
| Particulate | Small solid matter found in exhaust gases, especially prevalent in diesel engines. | ||
| PAS | Power Assisted Steering. See Power Steering. | ||
| PAS | Power Assisted Steering | ||
| PATS | Passive Anti-Theft System. A factory anti-theft system which disables the fuel injector drivers if the code chip in the ignition key does not match the stored code. | ||
| pb, PB | Power brakes | ||
| PC | Passenger Car. | ||
| PCM | Powertrain Control Module. AKA ECC, EEC, ECM, ECU, MCU, "brain", "computer", "controller". | ||
| PCM | Powertrain Control Module | ||
| PCS/PC/SOL | Purge Control Solenoid | ||
| PCV | Positive Crankcase Ventilation. | ||
| PCV | Positive Crankcase Ventilation | ||
| PCV Valve | A replaceable gravity- & flow-controlled 1-way metering valve in the PCV system. Because it is exposed to crankcase sludge, it will fail if not replaced regularly. Its failure can result in engine fires, diluted or contaminated engine oil, accelerated wear throughout the engine, poor economy, DTCs, increased emissions, and NVH. | ||
| pdl, PDL, P.D.L. | Power door locks | ||
| PECV | Power Enrichment Control Valve | ||
| Pegleg | A rear without posi-traction. Only one wheel operates. | ||
| Pernickety or Persnickety | excessively precise in the usage & meaning of words (like I'm doing with this list). | ||
| Perspicacious | easily understood; adept at explanation or teaching. | ||
| Perspicuous | keenly observant; adept at understanding. | ||
| PFI | Port Fuel Injection | ||
| pg, PG | Powerglide transmission | ||
| PGM-FI | Programmed Fuel Injection | ||
| Phillips Screw | A style of screw head using a specifically-shaped central cross recess (+) designed to be driven by a correspondingly specifically-shaped tool. It is easily confused with Frearson, JIS, PoziDriv, and others. See Screw. Contrast Slotted Screw, Torx. | ||
| Photochemical | The action of light on air pollutants which contributes to smog. | ||
| PI | 1) Performance-Improved; a ~1996 revision to the head design of the 4.6L modular engine, standardized ~2001; often confused with 2) Police Interceptor (slang) (a badge on certain Crown Victorias with P71 options); 3) Police Interceptor, a 2011 Ford model. | ||
| PIA | Positioned In Assembly - a notation for wiring & connectors | ||
| Pickup or Pickup Truck | A light truck built on a ladder frame with a cab separate from its walled, but open-top cargo bed. Contrast Box Van, Convertible, Coupe, Panel Van, Roadster, Sedan, Truck, Van, Wagon-body. | ||
| PID | Parameter Identification. | ||
| PID | Parameter Identification | ||
| Pigtail | An electrical connector with preinstalled terminals, each of which has a short wire attached. It is generally used to replace a damaged original connector, but may be used to add new systems. | ||
| Ping or Pinging | 1) See Knock. 2) Any light repetitive sound, like a marble hitting a tile floor. | ||
| Pinion | A small circular gear that drives another gear. Specifically, the axial gear of the hypoid set in an automotive axle. | ||
| PIP | Profile ignition pickup | ||
| Pitman Arm | A steering mechanism which converts the rotating motion of the steering shaft into the horizontal movement of the tie rods. Contrast Rack & Pinion. | ||
| Pk | Pink wire or vacuum line. | ||
| PL | Power Door Locks | ||
| PM | Power Mirrors | ||
| PMGR | Permanent Magnet Gear Reduction starter motor. | ||
| PNL | Panel | ||
| PNP | Park/Neutral Position switch. See DTR. | ||
| PNP | Park Neutral Position Switch | ||
| PO | Previous Owner | ||
| Polarity | A characteristic of a binary physical phenomenon, such as electricity (which can be polarized + or -) or a magnetic field (which can be polarized N or S). | ||
| Polarity-Reversing Circuit | An electronic circuit used to drive a motor, which is capable of driving it either direction by means of reversing the polarity supplied to the motor. Examples include Ford power windows, power locks, power antennae, power seats, power mirrors, power adjustable pedals, & sunroofs. GM typically uses double-wound motors, which are heavier, bulkier, & less efficient, but require simpler switches & circuits to control. | ||
| Polarized Light | Visible light which has passed through a polarizing filter, as is commonly found on LCD displays & polarized sunglasses. Once polarized, the light cannot pass through a 2nd filter unless the 2nd is aligned with the 1st. Any change in the alignment results in the light being further dimmed. If the 2nd is 90° offset from the 1st, virtually no light passes. Light is also polarized by LCD (which is how the LCD generates the black areas) or by reflection off glass or water (which is why driving & fishing sunglasses are sometimes polarized to eliminate the glare). | ||
| Pole Shoe | A ferrous core within the winding of an electric motor which enhances the strength of the magnetic field. Some starter motors have a swinging pole shoe attached to a lever which acts as a solenoid to push the drive into the ring gear. | ||
| Polished | A grinding & sanding process inside a manifold or head port to remove roughness from casting, and thereby improve airflow, power, & economy. | ||
| Polyurethane | A resilient & durable thermoplastic polymer, often used for automotive bushings. It is noticeably tougher than traditional black vulcanized rubber, and is easily colored for cosmetic style. | ||
| Port | An opening, usually in the intake/exhaust manifold gasket surface of the head where the manifold runners join it. | ||
| Port Fuel Injection | See Multiport Fuel Injection. | ||
| Portal Axle | An axle assembly whose outboard ends incorporate an offset drive mechanism, placing the majority of the axle's bulk ABOVE the centerline between the roadwheels. This creates a 'portal' between the wheels, allowing greater ground clearance. Some agricultural vehicles use portal axles (often with hydraulic drives); the UniMog truck uses solid portal axles; the HMMWV & Hummer (H1) use independent front & rear portal suspensions; MatTracks (TM) create a portal configuration. | ||
| Ported or Port-Matched | A grinding process that attempts to precisely match the shapes & contours of the intake & exhaust manifold runners, gasket openings, & head ports to improve airflow, and thereby improve power & economy. | ||
| POS | 1) Positive; 2) (slang) Piece of $#!+ . | ||
| Posi | (slang) Positraction. | ||
| Posi, Posi rear, Posi-traction | A rear that allows the opposite wheel to turn if the other becomes stuck (limited slip posi) or both to turn all the time (full time posi) | ||
| Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) | A system which forcibly draws crankcase emissions back through the engine where they are burned. The PCV valve regulates the amount of ventilating air and blow-by gas to the intake manifold, and prevents backfire from traveling into the crankcase. The PCV valve should be mounted in a vertical position. Sometimes incorporated with the evaporative emissions system. | ||
| Positraction | A particular model of LSD used by GM. It is now owned & manufactured by Eaton. | ||
| Potentiometer (Pot) | An adjustable resistance component commonly used as a position sensor for rotatable shafts (Example TP Sensor). AKA Variable Resistor | ||
| Power Ground (PWR GND) | The main ground circuit in the EEC system. Distinguished from signal ground (SIG RET) & case ground. | ||
| Power Steering | A system which provides additional force to the steering mechanism, reducing the driver's steering effort. It most often incorporates a hydraulic pump powered by the FEAD supplying pressure to a gear box or rack. See also EVO. | ||
| Power Steering Pressure (PSP) | A sensor, switch, signal, or circuit which indicates the pressure in the power steering system. | ||
| Power Take Off (PTO) | 1. A mechanical connection for using engine power for aftermarket equipment such as hydraulic pumps, generators, & agricultural implements. 2. An EEC input signal used to disable On Board Diagnostic Monitors during PTO(1) use. | ||
| Powertrain | See Drivetrain. | ||
| Powertrain Control Module (PCM) | The module that controls the EEC system. AKA ECC, EEC, ECM, ECU, MCU, PCM, "brain", "computer", "controller". Compare OBD. | ||
| PPM | Parts Per Million. A measure used in emissions analysis. | ||
| PPM | Parts Per Million | ||
| pr, PR | Pair | ||
| Preignition | See Knock. | ||
| Prerunner | a vehicle built to run off-road race courses at high speeds, but that is much cheaper to build, repair, & operate than a full-on racer. Typically, it is a 2WD lifted truck with lightweight safety features and moderate handling improvements used by the race driver to test & learn the course. | ||
| Press-Nut | A stamped, formed, & hardened spring steel nut without threads that slips over a smooth shaft & bites into it to provide retention. It is not designed to be removed intact, but often can be; especially if installed on a shaft whose surface is relatively hard. | ||
| Pressure Feedback EGR (PFE) | A sensor, circuit, signal, or system that monitors EGR pressure with a single-port sensor. Contrast DPFEGR, EEGR, EVP. | ||
| PRNDL | Park Reverse Neutral Drive Low | ||
| PRNDL or 'prindle' | (slang) shift indicator. | ||
| Profile Ignition Pickup (PIP) | A sensor, signal, or circuit which provides crankshaft or camshaft position data for ignition synchronization. | ||
| Programmable Speedometer/Odometer Module (PSOM) | A module that processes vehicle speed information for use in various electronic systems, displays speed on an analog face, and displays odometer data in a digital LCD. The PSOM can be programmed to accommodate various tire and axle combinations. It is unaffected by gear ratio changes. | ||
| PROM | Programmable Read-Only Memory. ROM without program instructions. | ||
| PROM | Program Read Only Memory (chip) | ||
| Prop Shaft or Propeller Shaft | See Driveshaft. | ||
| Protocol | A set of rules for the exchange of information on a network. | ||
| PS | 1) Power Seats; 2) Power Steering; 3) Power Sunroof | ||
| ps, PS | Power steering | ||
| PSF | Power Steering Fluid; see ATF. | ||
| PSI | Pounds Per Square Inch | ||
| PSOM | Programmable Speedometer/Odometer Module. | ||
| PSP | Power Steering Pressure. | ||
| PSP | Power Steering Pressure | ||
| PSPS | Power Steering Pressure Switch | ||
| PSTD | PowerStroke Turbo Diesel. | ||
| PTFE | PolyTetraFluoroEthylene; the chemical name for Teflon®, a lubricating powder which is sometimes embedded in silicone rubber as a non-stick coating or polish, or in plastic tape as a pipe sealant. It may also be added to plastics, oils, & greases. | ||
| PTO | Power Take Off. | ||
| pts. | Pints | ||
| Pu | Purple wire or vacuum line. | ||
| Pulse Width (PW) | The length of time an actuator, such as a fuel injector, remains energized, measured in milliseconds or degrees. Compare Duty Cycle. | ||
| Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) | A signal pattern characterized by flat peaks of varying duration but constant height separated by an absence of signal (ground) which controls the intensity of an output by varying the signal duty cycle. | ||
| Pump | A device used to raise, transfer, or circulate fluids at a relatively constant pressure. Contrast Compressor. | ||
| Punch | 1) A tool or system for cutting holes in thin material without rotating the cutting surface; 2) (slang) a Drift. | ||
| Punched, Punched Out | An engines cylinders have been enlarged or bored out. Also see; .030 over, Bored | ||
| Purge Flow (PF) | The quantity of fuel vapor burned in the engine. | ||
| Push-Start | 1) a technique for starting an engine with a failed starting system, by pushing it up to a speed that will allow the transmission to spin the crankshaft. The minimum speed for an automatic is much higher than for a manual transmission; 2) an early style of TFI-IV ignition system that uses a black module. Contrast CCD. | ||
| PVC | PolyVinyl Chloride; a common type of plastic. Often confused with PCV. | ||
| PW | 1) Power Windows; 2) Pulse Width. | ||
| pw, PW | Power windows | ||
| PWM | Pulse Width Modulation. | ||
| PWR | Power to Weight Ratio | ||
| PWR GND | Power Ground. | ||
| pwr, PWR | Power | ||
| Pwr. | Power | ||
| Quarter or Quarter Panel | The body panel behind the doors, distinguished from the Fender or Wing, which is forward of the doors. | ||
| Quick Test | A functional diagnostic test of the EEC system consisting of vehicle preparation and hookup, KOEO, KOER and Continuous Memory Self-Tests. | ||
| R | 1) combustion code for Otto Cycle Rotary (Wankel) engines; 2) Red wire or vacuum line; 3) Rear, from the operator's perspective while the vehicle is in motion; 4) Resistance (see Ohm). | ||
| R&I | Remove & Install - take a part/component out/off & then put it back in/on without repair. For example when tires are simply rotated, that's R&I 4 wheels. Even if the part/component is being rebuilt, that's a separate job, so the R&I still applies. | ||
| R&R | Remove and replace or remove and reinstall | ||
| R&R | Remove & Replace - take a part/component out/off & put another in/on. For example an oil change is an R&R of the oil & filter. | ||
| R&R | Remove and Replace | ||
| R.P.O. | Regular Production Order | ||
| r.r, R.R. | Right rear | ||
| R.W.D. | Rear wheel drive | ||
| R.W.L. | Raised white letters | ||
| R/A | Resume or Accelerate | ||
| R/T | Road/Track | ||
| RABS | Rear Antilock Brake System. | ||
| RAC | Remote Accessory Controller | ||
| Rack & Pinion | 1) A common gear system using a straight row of gear teeth (the "rack") and a circular gear in mesh (the "pinion") to convert the rotating motion of the pinion shaft into the linear motion of the rack; 2) A steering linkage using such a gearset. Contrast Pitman Arm. | ||
| Radiator | The engine's liquid-to-air heat exchanger(s). | ||
| Rag Joint | A type of u-joint consisting of 2 yokes attached to a fiber-reinforced rubber disk, used in steering and driveshafts. AKA Jured Coupling. | ||
| Ram | A linear hydraulic actuator. | ||
| RAM | Random Access Memory. Memory into which information can be written as well as read. It is typically volatile (does not survive power loss) and much faster than (nonvolatile) EEPROM. | ||
| RAM | Random Access Memory | ||
| RAM | Remote Anti-theft Modukle | ||
| RAM | Ride Air Module | ||
| Ram Air | A forced-induction system which uses the vehicle's forward motion to create pressure in the intake manifold. Contrast Turbocharger, Supercharger, Naturally Aspirated. | ||
| RAP | 1) Remote Anti-Theft Personality module; 2) Retained Accessory Power. | ||
| Rap | to strike sharply to induce vibration, as when loosening or removing a stuck part. | ||
| RAP | Retained Access Power | ||
| rat, Rat, Rat motor | Big block Chevy engine | ||
| Ratchet | 1) a toothed mechanism that allows rotation in only one direction; 2) a wrench incorporating such a mechanism, typically with a square drive for sockets & other tools. | ||
| Rattle | A quick irregular but continuous noise, like an ice-cream churn. | ||
| RAV | Remote Activation Verification | ||
| RBC | Rotary Blade Coupling | ||
| RC | Reserve Capacity the number of minutes a fully charged battery at 80°F can supply 25A without dropping below 10.5V. This indicates the actual amount of enenrgy stored in the battery. Longer time (or higher current) is better, and comes from larger, heavier batteries. Compare CA, CCA, HCA, Ah. | ||
| RCC | Rear Climate Control | ||
| RCC | Remote Climate Control | ||
| RCM | Restraint Control Module | ||
| RD, R.D. | Right hand drive | ||
| RDM | Rear Door Module | ||
| RDS | Radio Display System | ||
| REC | Receive | ||
| RECAL | Recalibrate | ||
| Recall | A program authorized by the manufacturer whereby a known fault or issue with a motor vehicle is repaired, usually without additional cost to the owner, & usually without expiration. A recall generally applies to a very specific group of vehicles, and the manufacturer identifies each VIN to the OMV of each state, which then furnishes the manfuacturer with the registered owner's name & mailing address. Recalls are generally overseen by NTSB &/or DOT, but are administered by the manufacturer. AKA FSA. Contrast TSB. | ||
| RECIRC | Recirculation | ||
| Red Wrench | (slang) a torch, usually acetylene due to its reddish flame. See also Blue Wrench. | ||
| REDOX | Reduction/Oxidation Catalytic Convertor. | ||
| Reduction/Oxidation Catalytic Convertor (REDOX) | An advanced catalytic convertor system. At low temperatures, it reduces levels of HC and CO. At high temperatures, it also reduces levels of NOx. | ||
| Reefer | (slang) a refrigerated semi-trailer. | ||
| Reference Voltage (VREF) | A dedicated circuit that provides a 5.0 volt signal used as a reference by certain sensors. | ||
| Refrigerant | The working fluid in heat transfer systems that operate below ambient temperature. The most common refrigerant for mobile A/C is R-134a (Suva®DuPont), a non-chlorinated hydrofluorocarbon (HFC); older systems used R-12 (Freon®DuPont), a chlorinated fluorocarbon (CFC) known to have several adverse environmental effects. Contrast Coolant. | ||
| Refurbished | a part or system that has been brought back into nominal working condition, though not necessarily by the original manufacturer, or to original specifications. | ||
| Regenerative Brakes | A system for slowing a moving vehicle which stores the energy, instead of simply converting it to heat as normal brakes do. Regenerative braking systems may use dynamos to store the energy electrically, air compressors or hydraulic pumps to store it as pressure, or other means. They are most commonly used on commercial & industrial vehicles which make frequent stops, like city buses. | ||
| Relay | A generally electromechanical device in which a high-current (load) circuit is opened or closed by changes in a low-current (trigger) circuit. A common relay is an electromagnetically-operated switch, in which a small current passing through an electromagnetic coil pulls or pushes a steel slug or plate connected to a switch. Some act through a sealed glass bulb which may contain Mercury contacts. Other relays are solid-state & work similarly to transistors, but transistors' output is proportional to the input, and relays are on-off. Almost all Ford vehicles use a starter relay, and most are mounted to the right inner fender or wheelwell near the battery. Often confused with Solenoid. | ||
| Relay Module (RM) | A module containing two or more relays. | ||
| REM | Rear Electronic Module. | ||
| REMAN | Remanufactured | ||
| Remanufactured | a part or system that has been professionally returned to original working specifications, usually by the original manufacturer. | ||
| Remote Anti-Theft Personality (RAP) Module | a module combining functions of earlier remote keyless entry, theft, and illuminated entry modules. Compare GEM. Contrast Retained Accessory Power. | ||
| Repetitive Spark | Multiple firings of individual spark plugs at engine speeds below 1000 RPM to improve idle quality and improve emissions. AKA Multiple Spark Discharge (MSD) (TM). | ||
| repro, Repro | Reproduction | ||
| REQ, REQD | Required | ||
| rest, resto, Resto | Restoration | ||
| Restified | (slang) a vehicle that has been returned to working condition using much more modern parts & systems than it originally had, such as EFI in a 1960's vehicle. | ||
| Restored | a vehicle that has been returned to its original condition, as it might have appeared a short time after being purchased. | ||
| Retained Accessory Power (RAP) | An optional feature that allows certain key-switched electrical systems to continue working with the key off for a limited time. Most cancel when a door is opened. Compare Battery Saver. Contrast Remote Anti-Theft Personality module. | ||
| Return (RTN) | A dedicated sensor ground circuit. | ||
| RF | Radio Frequency. A band of electromagnet frequencies between ultrasonic & microwave. | ||
| RF | Radio Frequency | ||
| RF | Right Front | ||
| Rf, RF, R.F. | Right front | ||
| RFA | Remote Function Actuator | ||
| RFF | Roller Finger Followers | ||
| RFI | Radio Frequency Interference. A high-frequency form of EMI. | ||
| RFI | Radio Frequency Interference | ||
| RFID | Radio Frequency Identification | ||
| RFWS | Right Front Wheel Speed | ||
| RH | Right hand | ||
| RH | Right Hand | ||
| RHD | Right-Hand Drive. | ||
| RHF | Right Hand Front, from the operator's perspective while the vehicle is in motion. | ||
| RHR | Right Hand Rear, from the operator's perspective while the vehicle is in motion. | ||
| RHS | Right Hand Side, from the operator's perspective while the vehicle is in motion. | ||
| Rich | a fuel mixture that contains insufficient air for the fuel to burn completely. In gasoline engines, it results in a cool-running engine, soot both in the exhaust stream and as deposits in the combustion chambers, HC emissions, CO emissions, reduced power, blow-by, oil thinning by fuel contamination, catalyst overheating, and reduced fuel economy. In diesel engines, the engine runs hot & makes more power. Contrast Lean. | ||
| Right, Right side | The passenger side of vehicle | ||
| RIM | Radio Interface Module | ||
| RIM | Rear Integration Module | ||
| RITS | Run In The Sun; an off-road event for Bronco owners & their friends held each year in the SouthEast, usually organized by the webmaster of FourDoorBronco. | ||
| RKE | Remote Keyless Entry - a system for operating the PL, trunk, &/or alarm via a radio-transmitter key fob. Some also allow remote starting. Contrast Keyless Entry (KE). | ||
| RKE | Remote Keyless Entry | ||
| Rly | Relay | ||
| RM | Relay Module. | ||
| RM | Relay Module | ||
| Roadster | An open passenger car with 2 doors, with or without a removeable/collapsible roof. Contrast Convertible, Coupe, Pickup, Sedan, Truck, Van, Wagon-body. | ||
| Roar | A low steady continuous noise, like inside a cruising jet airliner. | ||
| Rock Rash | (slang) Body damage due to contact with terrain while wheeling. AKA Environmental Streamlining. | ||
| Rock Slider | A heavy beam below the rocker panel designed to carry the weight of the body over rocks when a vehicle drives off-road. Contrast Step Bar; Nerf Bar; Exo-Cage. | ||
| Rocker or Rocker Arm | A lever in the head operated by the camshaft (possibly through lifters & pushrods) which opens the valve. Some have a roller to reduce friction. | ||
| Rocker Panel | The body panel below the doors. | ||
| Roller (Lifter or Rocker) | A low-friction design of valvetrain using a wheel between the lifter & cam lobe, &/or between the rocker & valve. | ||
| ROM | Read Only Memory | ||
| RON | Research Octane Number. The laboratory-measured octane number of an automotive fuel. Contrast actual octane number, nominal octane number. | ||
| Root-Mean Square (RMS) | A mathematical operation to produce a useable value for signals whose average value is 0. Necessary for all AC signals, and generally calculated based on 60Hz. DMMs which specify 'RMS' on their packaging calculate it based on the actual measured frequency, and are therefore far more accurate for most automotive signals, whose frequencies often vary. | ||
| Rotary | See Wankel. | ||
| Rotor | the insulated conductor within a distributor. | ||
| Routine | A group of related tasks, such as a series of diagnostic tests. | ||
| RPM | Engine Revolutions Per Minute. | ||
| RPM | Revolutions Per Minute | ||
| RPO | Regular Production Option | ||
| RR | Right Rear | ||
| rr, RR | Rear | ||
| RS | Rally sport | ||
| RSA | Rear Seat Audio | ||
| RSC | Roll Stability Control | ||
| RSS | Road Sensing Suspension | ||
| RT | Right | ||
| RTD | Real Time Dampening | ||
| RTN | Return. AKA Ground. | ||
| RTN | Return | ||
| RTV | Room-Temperature Vulcanizing - a rubber that cures & crosslinks without additional heat, such as silicone rubber sealants. | ||
| Rumble | A low heavy continuous sound accompanied by a vibration, like a skateboard on rough pavement. | ||
| Run-on | A symptom experienced by carburetor engines in which the throttle plate(s) remain partially open after key-off, allowing enough air to continue to draw fuel into the dirty or overheated combustion chambers. The hot deposits or metal ignite the fuel mix without a spark, causing the engine to continue running, albeit roughly, & at a VERY low speed. This symptom is often confused with preignition. EFIs don't suffer from this because the injectors shut down at key-off. | ||
| RV | 1) Recreational Vehicle; 2) Rear-View mirror. | ||
| RV | Recreational Vehicle | ||
| RWAL | Rear Wheel Anti Lock | ||
| RWC | Rear wheel cylinder | ||
| RWD | Rear Wheel Drive. A powertrain system which delivers engine power to a differential in the rear axle only. Contrast FWD, AWD, 4WD. | ||
| RWD | Rear Wheel Drive | ||
| RWL | Raised White Letters; a style of tire sidewall design. See also OWL. | ||
| RWS | Rear Wheel Steer | ||
| S | 1) Spark port (carburetor/vacuum) A nipple on a carburetor whose vacuum response is designed to control the vacuum advance of a distributor; 2) Stator terminal on an alternator or voltage regulator, ~1/2 B voltage when the alternator is working properly; 3) combustion code for Otto 4-Stroke-Cycle Piston engines. | ||
| SAE | Society of Automotive Engineers, now SAE International. | ||
| Safety Certification Label | A sticker showing the manufacturer, build date, VIN, & other information needed to show compliance with vehicle safety laws & standards. It is most often applied in the driver's door jamb area, and usually contains a bar code version of the VIN. Some also indicate installed options & cargo capacities. AKA VIN Sticker, Door Jamb Sticker. | ||
| Saloon | See Sedan. | ||
| SAS | Solid Axle Swap | ||
| SB | Small block or short bed | ||
| SBC | Single Bed Converter | ||
| SBC, sbc | Small block Chevy engine | ||
| SBD | Strategy Base Diagnostics | ||
| SC | Supercharger or supercharged. | ||
| SC | Supercharged | ||
| Scan Tool (ST) | A device that interfaces with the PCM and communicates information on a data link. Most can read codes and display them either as a flashing light, or as text. Some can read live data from the PCM. Very expensive models (usually factory-licensed) can retrieve &/or edit EEPROM data within the PCM and other modules. | ||
| SCDS | Speed Control Deactivator Switch; the secondary (failsafe) cruise control cancel switch. An early type is the subject of a massive recall due to fires. | ||
| SCP | Standard Corporate Protocol. | ||
| Screw | 1) A typically light-duty fastener, generally with a recessed-drive head for wrist-operated tools, and often to be used in unthreaded holes. See Slotted, Phillips, Torx. Contrast Bolt. 2) (slang) An F150 SuperCrew (4-door short bed). | ||
| sdn, sed, Sdn, Sed | Sedan | ||
| Seat Cover | (slang) an attractive female passenger. | ||
| Secondary Air | Air provided to the exhaust system anywhere downstream of the exhaust valves. | ||
| Secondary Air Injection (AIR) | A pump-driven system for providing secondary air. | ||
| Secondary Air Injection Bypass (AIRB) | See TAB. | ||
| Secondary Air Injection Diverter (AIRD) | See TAD. | ||
| Sedan | A passenger car with 4 doors. Contrast Convertible, Coupe, Pickup, Roadster, Truck, Van, Wagon-body. | ||
| SEFI | Sequential Electronic Fuel Injection | ||
| Seized | permanently un-turnable due to metal corrosion, deformation, or failure; contrast Locked (2). | ||
| Selectable Locker or Selectable-Locking Differential | An aftermarket differential with a mechanism that can convert it to behave as a spool when the operator chooses. Contrast Open Differential, Limited-Slip Differential, Locker, Mini-Locker, Torque-Biasing Differential, Spool, Mini-Spool. | ||
| Self-Clearancing | (slang) allowing moving parts (such as oversized tires) to wear against other parts (such as wheelwells & fenders) until there is no more interference. | ||
| Self-Test | A general term for three distinct aspects of the EEC system Quick Test Key On Engine Off, Key On Engine Running, and Continuous Memory. Compare OBD. | ||
| SEMA | Specialty Equipment Market Association. A trade guild of businesses who supply non-OE vehicle parts, OR a trade show they host each year. Member businesses cooperate closely with automakers to develop high-quality aftermarket parts. | ||
| Semi-Floating Axle | An axle assembly whose axleshafts bear the weight of the vehicle only at their outboard ends. Their inboard ends 'float' in the differential side gear splines. Contrast Full-Floating Axle. | ||
| Semi-Truck | A truck built in 2 or more independent interchangeable sections usually, a tractor containing the drivetrain, cab, & hitch; and a trailer for cargo or equipment. | ||
| Sensor | The generic name for a device that senses either the absolute value or a change in a physical quantity such as temperature, pressure or flow rate, and converts that change into an electrical quantity signal. A sensor is typically an analog device. Its digital counterpart is a switch. | ||
| Sensor Ring | See Tone Ring. | ||
| Sequential Multiport Fuel Injection (SFI) | A multiport fuel delivery system in which each injector is individually energized and timed relative to its cylinder intake event. Compare Multiport Fuel Injection. | ||
| Servo | A remote actuator which can be regulated to a precise position, as opposed to simply an extreme of its range of motion. Common examples include cruise control servos, HVAC door servos, & power seat or power mirror motors WITH memory. Those without memory capability are simply motor-driven mechanisms, but do not qualify as servos. | ||
| SES | Service Engine Soon light. See MIL. | ||
| SES | Service Engine Soon | ||
| SET | A complete set | ||
| SFA | Solid Front Axle. See Solid Axle | ||
| SFI | Sequential Multiport Fuel Injection. | ||
| SFI | Sequential Fuel Injection | ||
| SFR | Single-Function Reservoir. | ||
| Shackle Flip | a method of lifting a vehicle originally built with the shackle & bracket below the leaf spring. | ||
| Shield | A conducting sleeve that surrounds wires to isolate them from electromagnetic interference (EMI). | ||
| Shift Indicator Lamp (SIL) | A lamp that indicates the preferred shift points for manual transmission/transaxle vehicles. | ||
| Shift Solenoid (SS) | A device that controls shifting in an automatic transmission. | ||
| Shipping weight | The weight of the vehicle with regular equipment and with grease and oil where required. This does not include the weight of gasoline and antifreeze. | ||
| SHO | Super High Output. | ||
| Shock | 1) the sensation of electricity passing through one's body; 2) a physical jolt, or sudden dramatic temperature change (thermal shock); 3) (slang) a shock absorber. | ||
| Shock Absorber | The misnomer for a spring damper, typically gas-charged oil-dampened. The spring & suspension mechanism actually absorb the shock; the "shock absorber" merely slows the suspension & the spring's reaction to keep the tires in contact with the surface better. | ||
| Short block | An engine that does not have heads installed. (Also see Long block) | ||
| Short Block | An engine assembly consisting of a cylinder block, a crankshaft, all the bearings, all the connecting rods, all the pistons and rings, & few if any seals. Some also include a camshaft, timing gears/chains/covers an oil pump, an oil pan, & a gasket set. A short block does NOT include cylinder heads, valve covers, or intake manifold. Contrast Long Block, Crate Engine, Smallblock, Bigblock. | ||
| Short Circuit | A connection between a circuit and any other point. While generally used to indicate an undesirable connection, all wires are short circuits between the terminals they connect. The expression 'short' indicates that there is very little resistance between the 2 points. The most common type is a short from power to ground, which results in extremely high current flow, causing fuses to burn, wires to melt, or fires to start. Contrast Open Circuit, high resistance, Off. | ||
| Short Term Fuel Trim (SHRTFT1 and 2) | If the oxygen sensors are warmed up and the PCM determines that the engine can operate near stoichiometric air/fuel ratio (14.7 to 1 for gasoline), the PCM goes into closed loop fuel control mode. Since a common oxygen sensor can only indicate rich or lean, the fuel control strategy must constantly adjust the desired air/fuel ratio rich and lean to get the oxygen sensor to 'switch' around the stoichiometric point. If the time between switches are the same, then the system is actually operating at stoichiometry. The desired air/fuel control parameter is called short term fuel trim where stoichiometry is represented by 0%. Richer (more fuel) is represented by a positive number and leaner (less fuel) is represented by a negative number. Normal operating range for short term fuel trim is +/- 25%. Some calibrations will have time between switches and short term fuel trim excursions that are not equal. These unequal excursions are used to run the system slightly lean or rich of stoichiometry. This practice is referred to as using 'bias'. For example, the fuel system can be biased slightly rich during closed loop fuel to help reduce NOx. Values for SHRTFT1 and 2 may change a great deal on a scan tool when the engine is operated at different rpm and load points. This is because SHRTFT1 and 2 will react to fuel delivery variability that can change as a function of engine rpm and load. Short term fuel trim values are not retained after the engine is turned off. | ||
| Shorty or Shortie or Short-Tube Header | A header whose collector is above the oil pan and inside the frame rails. See Header. Compare Long-Tube Header. | ||
| SI | 1) Sequential Injection; 2) System International d'Unites (the modern international version of the metric system). | ||
| Side Gapping | A modification of a standard spark plug so that the ground electrode approaches the side of the center electrode, instead of covering the end. The concept is that the spark will then propagate the flame front more rapidly & evenly through the combustion chamber, increasing power & economy. But the spark is concentrated to smaller areas on both electrodes, so it erodes both more rapidly, and is more susceptible to fouling. Its benefits are also questionable. | ||
| Sidepipe | An exhaust tailpipe that runs along the side of the body under the door & exits forward of the rear tire. They are more common on grand touring coupes or roadsters, but are also popular for off-road trucks. A well-known brand was Lake, which was offered as OE on some Corvettes. | ||
| SIG RTN | Signal Return. | ||
| Signal | A fluctuating electric quantity, such as voltage or current, whose variations represent information. | ||
| Signal Return (SIG RTN) | A dedicated sensor ground circuit that is common to two or more sensors. | ||
| SIL | Shift Indicator Lamp. | ||
| Silicon | A black nonmetallic element; the most common in the Earth's crust, as a compound with Oxygen (Silicon Dioxide=Sand=Glass). It is used in semiconductors and in steel alloys, among many other applications. | ||
| Silicone | A durable colorless polymer used in brake fluid, grease, and (for a short time) in prosthetics - particularly breast implants. Silicone grease does not dissolve in water or gasoline, and so is often used in vehicles, but it can block fuel injectors. Its grease can be formulated with a high dielectric, and is often referred to as "dielectric grease". Another forumlation ("electrical grease") is thinner and doesn't interfere with electrical contacts. | ||
| Silver cadmium | A type of plating used on some automotive parts such as brake master cylinder lids, electrical relays, etc. Similar to gold cadmium only it has a silver color. | ||
| Single-Function Reservoir (SFR) | A fuel reservoir used on '84-89 single-tank Ford trucks which may contain a filter. | ||
| Sipe | 1) the small veins in the tread of a tire, designed to allow water to flow away from the larger tread blocks; 2) to modify the tread surface of a tire to improve its performance in specific terrain. | ||
| SIPS | Side Impact Protection System | ||
| SIR | Supplemental Inflatable Restraint | ||
| Six pack | No, not that! Three two barrel carburetors | ||
| SJB | Smart Junction Box. | ||
| Skinny Pedal | (slang) accelerator; a reference to using engine power rather than skill or good sense. | ||
| Slave Cylinder | The output device for a manual (pedal) hydraulic system. The term applies to drum brake wheel cylinders, hydraulic calipers, & clutch slave cylinders. See Master Cylinder. | ||
| Sleeper | A high performance car that has the appearance of being average. (Ex. A 4 door wagon with a 409 engine) | ||
| Slider | 1) A sliding window; 2) A rock slider. | ||
| Slip Yoke | A telescoping connection between a splined shaft (usually the output shaft of a transmission or transfer case) and a U-joint in a driveshaft. Most fullsize Ford trucks use a slip yoke at the forward end of the rear driveshaft, except those with the BW 1342 t-case. | ||
| Slip Yoke Elimination (SYE) | a popular modification to a transfer case from slip-yoke to fixed-yoke. It prevents a short driveshaft on a long-travel suspension from falling out of the t-case. | ||
| Slotted Rotor | A disk brake rotor which has had spiral slots machined into its surface. Historically, this was done to improve braking performance due to poor friction materials which contained adhesives & other contaminants that produce gas when heated (causing the pads to 'float' away from the rotor like a hovercraft), and which also produce varnish on the friction surfaces. The slots not only allow this gas to escape, but also clean the pads. Modern pads do not suffer from these problems, so modern slots are purely cosmetic. However, removing metal from the disk's surface causes the pads & rotors to wear faster, and causes heat to build up to higher temperatures; both of which reduce braking effectiveness. See Cross-drilled Rotor, Wilwood FAQ. | ||
| Slotted Screw | A style of screw head using a simple, straight, central groove designed to be driven by a correspondingly simple, straight-edged tool. AKA Flathead. See Screw. Contrast Phillips, Torx. | ||
| Slushbox | (slang) An automatic transmission. Contrast Grindbox. | ||
| Smallblock | An engine family of varying displacements that share some parts & characteristics, most of which have lower displacement than most of those in another family of engines from the same manufacturer. Contrast Short Block, Long Block, Bigblock. | ||
| Smart Junction Box | A fuse panel which includes certain functions of the GEM, LCM, DDM, or RAP. | ||
| SME | Society of Manufacturing Engineers. | ||
| Smog | 1) Smoke & fog; 2) (slang) vehicle emissions | ||
| Smog Pump | (slang) Secondary Air pump | ||
| Smogged | (slang) Tested for emissions | ||
| Smoke Test | 1) The common method to find a leak in the evaporative system, using a special machine that generates visible (but non-toxic/nonflammable) smoke; 2) (slang) applying power to a circuit with a known but hidden fault, causing the fault to get hot enough to put off smoke, or at least become more apparent in some way, usually resulting in more damage. | ||
| Snap Ring | A hardened spring steel ring with a gap and an eye on each end for a tool to grip & stretch the ring for installation/removal. Internal snap rings have eyes inside, and fit into an interior groove; externals have the eyes outside, and fit into an external groove. | ||
| Snatch | A recovery technique that uses the momentum of the fast-moving extraction vehicle to overcome the inertia and other forces acting on the stuck vehicle. It is typically the most-dangerous & most-destructive technique. | ||
| Snatch Strap | An elastic recovery strap which reduces the impact on the vehicles and converts momentum to force more smoothly (and more safely). | ||
| Sniffer | (slang) An electronic device used to detect chemicals by sampling air; most often, refrigerant or exhaust gas. | ||
| SOA | Spring-over axle; a method of lifting a vehicle originally built with the leaf springs passing under the axle tube. Applies mainly to Jeep & Dodge. | ||
| SODD | Special Order Design Division | ||
| SOHC | Single Overhead Cam | ||
| Sol V | Solenoid valve; a valve (usually to control vacuum) operated by an integral solenoid, such as the TAB, TAD, EVR, CANP, IAC, & fuel injectors. | ||
| SOL/Sol. | Solenoid | ||
| Solenoid | A device consisting of an electrical coil which, when energized, produces a magnetic field in a plunger which is pulled to a central position. A solenoid may be used as an actuator in a valve or switch. A solenoid-operated switch is called relay. Few Fords before 1990 used a starter with a solenoid, but even after that, a starter relay was often still used. Most other brands of '75-95 US vehicles use only a starter solenoid with no relay, which results in most parts suppliers calling Ford-type relays 'solenoids'. | ||
| Solid Axle | A suspension unit (typically a driving axle) which rigidly connects the 2 wheels, most often by a tube containing a differential and axleshafts. Front (steering) solid axles also include steering knuckles & universal joints of some type. Contrast IFS/IRS. | ||
| Solid Axle Swap (SAS) | The process of retrofitting a solid axle to a vehicle originally built with an independent axle; most commonly, the front. | ||
| Spanner | A style of wrench that grips the face of the fastener (usually a large, thin nut), as opposed to the sides. Common applications include antenna nuts & wheel bearing adjusting nuts on 4WD vehicles. | ||
| Spark Output (SPOUT) | A shorting plug, connector, signal, or circuit which transmits the desired spark timing information from the PCM to the ICM. | ||
| Spark Plug | A gasoline engine part designed to withstand high temperature & voltage (using a ceramic insulator) and produce a spark inside the combustion chamber to ignite the fuel/air mixture. See Gap, Indexing, Side Gapping. | ||
| Speed | The magnitude of velocity (regardless of direction); distance divided by time. | ||
| Speed Shift | Shifting a manual transmission without using the clutch by working the throttle to match the engine speed to the transmission. Commonly used in drag racing & heavy trucks, but also when the clutch system has failed in some way. Contrast Double Clutch. | ||
| SPFI | Sequential Port Fuel Injection | ||
| Spider Gears | (slang) The smallest gears within a normal open differential on the pinion shaft, technically called pinion gears. They mesh with the side gears and are responsible for thedifferential action. | ||
| SPK | Spark Control | ||
| Spool or Full Spool | A single solid piece of metal which connects an axle's ring gear to the axleshafts, providing no differentiation. Contrast Differential, Locker. Compare Lincoln-Locker. | ||
| SPOUT | Spark Output. | ||
| SPOUT | Spark Output | ||
| spt cpe, Spt Cpe | Sport coupe | ||
| spt sed, Spt Sed | Sport sedan | ||
| Spur Gear | A common & inexpensive gear design using straight teeth on the gear's circumference, and parallel shafts. It produces wear, noise, & irregular output speed. Contrast Helical, Bevel, Herringbone, Hypoid, Worm. | ||
| Squeak | A high brief noise, like new tennis shoes on a clean floor. | ||
| Squeal | A high continuous noise, like a slipping drivebelt. | ||
| SRE | Spherical Rod End; a swivelling connection used mainly in steering & suspension systems. It contains no rubber, and so produces much more precise movement, at the expense of transmitting more NVH. See Heim. | ||
| SRI | Service Reminder Indicator | ||
| SRS | Secondary Restraint System | ||
| SRS | Supplemental Restraint System | ||
| SS | Supersport | ||
| SS | 1) Shift Solenoid; 2) Super Sport; a high-performance vehicle, usually a V8 coupe (muscle car). | ||
| SSI | Solid State Ignition | ||
| ST | Scan Tool. | ||
| STA | See "S" (definition 2). | ||
| Stake | A procedure to prevent a metal part from sliding, turning, or moving by bending a small section of it so that it interferes with other parts. | ||
| Standard Corporate Protocol | A communication language used by most automotive manufacturers for exchanging bi-directional messages (signals) between stand-alone modules and devices. Two or more signals (multiplexed) can be sent over one circuit. Included in these messages is diagnostic data that is output over the BUS+ and BUS - lines to the data link connector (DLC). This information is accessible with a scan tool. | ||
| Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) | A measure of the efficiency of a radio transmitter (usually a CB) & its antenna system. The ideal value is 1, meaning all of the energy leaving the radio's output is radiated from the antenna. Deviations from this can be caused by poor connections, coiled antenna cables, or improperly tuned antennae (wrong effective length for the average frequency). It is not related to Ground Plane, although both affect transmitting range. SWR does not affect reception. | ||
| STAR | Self | ||
| Static | Unmoving/stagnant/still. Contrast Dynamic. | ||
| std, Std, S.A.E. | Standard | ||
| Step Bar | A lightweight beam below the rocker panel designed to carry the weight of a few people as they enter/exit the vehicle. Contrast Rock Slider; Nerf Bar; Exo-Cage. | ||
| Sterling | A medium truck manufacturer owned by Ford. | ||
| Sterling Cycle | A thermodynamic cycle used for low-torque low-maintenance applications, such as remote agricutural water pumps. The cycle is among the most efficient yet known, and can operate on virtually any fuel that creates heat. It was experimentally adapted for vehicle use in postal vans in the early 90s. | ||
| STFT | Short Term Fuel Trim | ||
| STO | Self Test Output | ||
| Straight Pipe | An exhaust system with no muffler. | ||
| Stroked | An engine that's had the length of it's piston stroke increased | ||
| Strut | Any rigid structural member, usually within the suspension system. See also MacPherson Strut. | ||
| Stupid Tax | (slang) the cost of vehicle repairs, usually those due to exuberant or reckless driving. | ||
| Subframe | a removeable frame substantially heavier than the rest of the vehicle structure, but substantially smaller than the complete vehicle. It is commonly used to support the engine & front suspension in FWD monocoque & unibody vehicles, and sometimes for the rear suspension. Contrast Ladder Frame. | ||
| Sublet | Repairs performed at a different shop than the one the owner left the vehicle in, such as a transmission rebuilder or a painter. Generally, the vehicle owner isn't aware of sublet jobs because the primary shop handles the transportation & warranty, and integrates the cost into its own bill. Contrast In-House. | ||
| SULEV | Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle. | ||
| SuperCharger or SuperCharged (SC) | A forced-induction system, or its primary component a rotating mechanism driven mechanically by engine power to provide pressurized air to the intake manifold. Contrast Turbocharger, Ram Air, Naturally Aspirated. | ||
| Suspension Lift | The modification of a vehicle's ride height by increasing the vertical distance from the frame (or unibody) to the hubs. It usually results in increased suspension travel, body sway, and approach/breakover/departure angles. It does not affect ground clearance. See Lift. Contrast Body Lift, Tire Lift. | ||
| SUT | Sport-Utility Truck. A class of vehicles that generally includes 4-door wagon-body open-bed light trucks, & minivans designed to look like 4-door open-bed light trucks. | ||
| SUV | Sport-Utility Vehicle. A class of vehicles that generally includes wagon-body light trucks, & minvans with slightly increased ground clearance and short wheelbase. Some are available with 4WD or AWD. | ||
| Suva® | The DuPont name for R-134a. See Refrigerant. | ||
| SV CBV | Solenoid Valve Carborator Bowl Vent (carburetor/vacuum) | ||
| SVO or SVT | Ford's high-performance division, originally called Special Vehicle Operations, but changed to Special Vehicle Team. | ||
| Sw. | Switch | ||
| SWAG | (slang) Slightly wild-ass guess. | ||
| Swage | 1) A connection (usually a soft hose to a rigid nipple) secured by compressing a solid collar past a lip or barb using dies or rollers. Many power steering & A/C hoses are die swaged. 2) The tool used in this process. | ||
| SWB | Short Wheel Base | ||
| Switch | A device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electrical circuit. | ||
| SWR | Standing Wave Ratio. | ||
| Sys. | System | ||
| System | A group of interacting mechanical &/or electrical components serving a common purpose. | ||
| T.P.I. | Tuned Port Injection | ||
| TAC, T.A.C. | Thermostatic air cleaner | ||
| TACH | Tachometer | ||
| TBI | Throttle body injection | ||
| TBI | Throttle Body Injection | ||
| TCC | Torque Converter Clutch | ||
| TCM | Transmission or Transaxle Control Module | ||
| TCS | Transmission controlled spark | ||
| TCS | Traction control solenoid | ||
| TD | Turbo Diesel | ||
| TDC | Top Dead Center | ||
| TDI | Turbo Direct Injection | ||
| Temp. | Temperature | ||
| tg, TG, | Turbo glide | ||
| th, TH, | Turbo hydamatic | ||
| THERMAC | Thermostatic Air Cleaner | ||
| TI, T.I. | Transistor Ignition | ||
| TIV | Thermactor Idle Vacuum Valve | ||
| tk, Tk, TK | Truck | ||
| TKS | Throttle Kicker Solenoid | ||
| TPI | Tuned Port Injection | ||
| TPP | Throttle Position Potentiometer | ||
| TPS | Throttle Position Sensor/Switch | ||
| TPT | Throttle Position Transducer | ||
| TRC, T.R.C. | Throttle return control | ||
| Tri-five | A 1955-56-57 Chevy | ||
| Tri-Power | Three two barrel carburetors | ||
| TS | Temperature Sensor | ||
| TSP | Throttle Solenoid Positioner | ||
| TV | Thermovalve | ||
| TV | Throttle Valve | ||
| TVS | Thermal Vacuum Switch | ||
| TVS, T.V.S. | Thermal vacuum switch | ||
| TWC | Three Way Catalyst | ||
| U/S | Undersize | ||
| UPR | Upper | ||
| VAC * | Vaccum | ||
| Vac. | Vacuum | ||
| VAF | Vane Airflow | ||
| VAPS | Variable Assist Power Steering | ||
| VCC | Viscous Converter Clutch | ||
| VCRM | Variable Control Relay Module | ||
| VIN | Vehicle Identification Number | ||
| VM | Vacuum Modulator | ||
| VOLT. | Voltage | ||
| VOM | Volt/Ohmmeter | ||
| VRV | Vacuum Regulator Valve | ||
| VSS | Vehicle Speed Sensor | ||
| VSV | Vacuum Switching Valve | ||
| VVC | Variable Valve Control | ||
| VVT | Variable Valve Timing | ||
| VVT-i | Variable Valve Timing with intelligence (controlled by the ECM) | ||
| W.W.W. | Wide white walls | ||
| W/ | With | ||
| W/ | With | ||
| W/O | Without | ||
| W/O | Without | ||
| WAC | Wide Open Throttle A/C Switch | ||
| WB | wheel base | ||
| WB02 | Wide Band Oxygen Sensor | ||
| WCFB | "Will Carter four barrel" A 4 barrel carburetor made by Carter | ||
| Wheel offset (backspace) | This is the distance from the rear mounting surface of the wheel to the rear edge of the rim. Example | ||
| WHL | wheel | ||
| w-motor, W-motor | 348 or 409 Chevy engine | ||
| WOT | Wide Open Throttle | ||
| WOT, W.O.T. | Wide Open Throttle | ||
| Z-11 | The R.P.O. number for the aluminum nosed 427 Impala | ||
| Click here to view a sample build sheet | |||
| 2V | |||
| Two (Venturi) Valve (two barrel carburetor) | |||
| 2v | |||
| Two Valve (cylinder head) | |||
| 2WS | |||
| Two Wheel Steer | |||
| 4EAT | |||
| Four speed Electronic Automatic Transmission | |||
| 4V | |||
| Four (Venturi) Valve (four barrel carburetor) | |||
| 4v | |||
| Four Valve (cylinder head) | |||
| 4WAS | |||
| Four Wheel Air Suspension | |||
| 4WD | |||
| Four Wheel Drive | |||
| 4WS | |||
| Four Wheel Steer | |||
| 16v | |||
| Sixteen valve (cylinder head) | |||
| AAT | |||
| Ambient Air Temperature | |||
| ABC | |||
| Active Body Control | |||
| ABS | |||
| Antilock Brake System | |||
| A/C | |||
| Air Conditioning | |||
| ACC | |||
| Adaptive Cruise Control | |||
| ACC | |||
| Automatic Climate Control | |||
| accel | |||
| Acceleration | |||
| accum | |||
| Accumulator | |||
| accy | |||
| Accessory | |||
| ACE | |||
| Active Cornering Enhancement | |||
| ACL | |||
| Air cleaner | |||
| ACM | |||
| Airbag Control Module | |||
| ACM | |||
| Audio Control Module | |||
| ACT | |||
| Air Charge Temperature | |||
| ADAS | |||
| Advanced Driver Assistance System | |||
| ADC | |||
| Automatic Distance Control | |||
| ADL | |||
| Automatic Door Lock | |||
| AECM | |||
| Airbag Electronic Control Module | |||
| A/F | |||
| Air Fuel Ratio (see also AFR) | |||
| AFC | |||
| Air Flow Control | |||
| AFC | |||
| Air Fuel Control | |||
| AFR | |||
| Air Fuel Ratio (see also A/F) | |||
| AGVS | |||
| Automated Guided Vehicle System | |||
| AHLD | |||
| Automatic Headlamp Levelling Device | |||
| AHR | |||
| Active Head Restraint | |||
| AHS | |||
| Active Handling System | |||
| AIS | |||
| Automatic Idle Speed | |||
| ALC | |||
| Automatic Level Control | |||
| ALT | |||
| Alternator (see also GEN) | |||
| AMM | |||
| Air Mass Meter | |||
| AMT | |||
| Automated Manual Transmission | |||
| AOD | |||
| Automatic Overdrive | |||
| AOS | |||
| Automatic Occupant Sensing | |||
| API | |||
| American Petroleum Institute | |||
| APO | |||
| Accessory Power Outlets | |||
| APP | |||
| Accelerator Pedal Position | |||
| ARC | |||
| Active Roll Control | |||
| ARC | |||
| Automatic Ride Control | |||
| ARS | |||
| Automatic Restraint System | |||
| ASARC | |||
| Air Suspension Automatic Ride Control | |||
| ASCD | |||
| Auto Speed Control Device | |||
| ASF | |||
| Audi Space Frame | |||
| ASG | |||
| Automatic-Shift Gearbox | |||
| ASR | |||
| Acceleration Slip Regulation | |||
| ASTC | |||
| Automatic Stability and Traction Control | |||
| A/T | |||
| Automatic Transmission | |||
| ATC | |||
| Automatic Temperature Control | |||
| ATDC | |||
| After Top Dead Center | |||
| ATF | |||
| Active Transfer Case | |||
| ATF | |||
| Automatic Transfer Case | |||
| ATF | |||
| Automatic Transmission Fluid | |||
| ATSLC | |||
| Automatic Transmission Shift Lock Control | |||
| ATTS | |||
| Advanced Torque Transfer System | |||
| AWD | |||
| All Wheel Drive | |||
| AYC | |||
| Active Yaw Control | |||
| BARO | |||
| Barometric (pressure) | |||
| BAS | |||
| Brake Apply Sensor | |||
| batt | |||
| Battery | |||
| BBK | |||
| Big Brake Kit | |||
| BBV | |||
| Brake Booster Vacuum | |||
| BCM | |||
| Body Control Module | |||
| BHP | |||
| Brake Horsepower | |||
| BLW | |||
| Brake Lining Wear | |||
| BMAP | |||
| Barometric and Manifold Absolute Pressure | |||
| BP | |||
| Back Pressure | |||
| BPA | |||
| Brake Pedal Applied | |||
| BPA | |||
| Bypass Air | |||
| BPMV | |||
| Brake Pressure Modulator Valve | |||
| BPP | |||
| Brake Pedal Position | |||
| BPW | |||
| Base Pulse Width | |||
| BTCM | |||
| Brake Torque Control Module | |||
| BTDC | |||
| Before Top Dead Center | |||
| BTSI | |||
| Brake Transmission Shift Interlock | |||
| C3I | |||
| Computer Controlled Coil Ignition | |||
| CAA | |||
| Canadian Automobile Association | |||
| CAA | |||
| Clean Air Act | |||
| CAB | |||
| Controller, Antilock Brake | |||
| CAC | |||
| Charge Air Cooler | |||
| CAFC | |||
| Company Average Fuel Consumption (Canada) | |||
| CAFE | |||
| Corporate Average Fuel Economy (USA) | |||
| CASE | |||
| Cranking Angle Sensing Error | |||
| CC | |||
| Climate Control | |||
| CC | |||
| Coast Clutch | |||
| CC | |||
| Cruise Control | |||
| CCD | |||
| Chrysler Collision Detection | |||
| CCCD | |||
| Catalytic Converter Cool-Down | |||
| CCD | |||
| Computer Controlled Dwell | |||
| CCDIC | |||
| Climate Control Driver Information Center | |||
| CCFL | |||
| Cold-Cathode Flourescent Lamp | |||
| CCM | |||
| Central Control Module | |||
| CCM | |||
| Chassis Control Module | |||
| CCP | |||
| Climate Control Panel | |||
| CCS | |||
| Climate Controlled Seat | |||
| CCS | |||
| Coast Clutch Solenoid | |||
| CDA | |||
| Cylinder De-Activation | |||
| CDR | |||
| Chrysler Diagnostic Readout | |||
| CDR | |||
| Crash Data Retrieval | |||
| CDRV | |||
| Crankcase Depression Regulator Valve | |||
| CEL | |||
| Check Engine Light (see also MIL) | |||
| CEAB | |||
| Cold Engine Air Bleed | |||
| CEMS | |||
| Catalyst Efficiency Management System | |||
| CEMS | |||
| Carbureted Engine Management System | |||
| CFI | |||
| Central Fuel Injection (replaced with TBI) | |||
| CFI | |||
| Continuous Fuel Injection | |||
| cfm | |||
| cubic feet per minute | |||
| CG | |||
| Center of Gravity | |||
| CHMSL | |||
| Center High Mounted Stop Lamp | |||
| CID | |||
| Cubic Inch Displacement | |||
| CID | |||
| Cylinder Identification | |||
| CKP | |||
| Crankshaft Position | |||
| CL | |||
| Closed Loop | |||
| CLCC | |||
| Closed Loop Carburetor Control | |||
| CLS | |||
| Coolant Level Switch | |||
| CLTBI | |||
| Closed Loop Throttle Body Injection | |||
| CLNT | |||
| Coolant | |||
| CMC | |||
| Compressor Motor Controller | |||
| cmd | |||
| Command | |||
| cmdd | |||
| Commanded | |||
| CMFI | |||
| Central Multi-port Fuel Injection | |||
| CMP | |||
| Camshaft Position | |||
| CMVSS | |||
| Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards | |||
| CNG | |||
| Compressed Natural Gas | |||
| CO | |||
| Carbon Monoxide | |||
| CO2 | |||
| Carbon Dioxide | |||
| comm | |||
| Communication | |||
| cond | |||
| Condition | |||
| const | |||
| Constant | |||
| COP | |||
| Coil On Plug | |||
| COP | |||
| Computer Operating Properly | |||
| CP | |||
| Canister Purge | |||
| CPC | |||
| Camshaft Position Control | |||
| CPI | |||
| Central Port Fuel Injection | |||
| CPP | |||
| Clutch Pedal Position | |||
| CPS | |||
| Cam Profile Switching | |||
| CPS | |||
| Childseat Postioning Sensor | |||
| CPU | |||
| Central Processing Unit | |||
| CRR | |||
| Cool Running Rotor | |||
| CS | |||
| Charging System | |||
| CSC | |||
| Commercial Stripped Chassis | |||
| CSFI | |||
| Central Sequential Fuel Injection | |||
| CSI | |||
| Compression Sense Ignition | |||
| CTD | |||
| Content Theft Deterent | |||
| CTOX | |||
| Continuous Trap Oxidizer | |||
| CTP | |||
| Closed Throttle Position (switch) | |||
| CTS | |||
| Coolant Temperature Sensor | |||
| CV | |||
| Constant Velocity | |||
| CVN | |||
| Calibration Verification Number | |||
| CVRSS | |||
| Continuously Variable Road Sensing Suspenion | |||
| CVRTD | |||
| Continuously Variable Real Time Damping | |||
| CVT | |||
| Continuously Variable Transmission | |||
| CZS | |||
| Crash Zone Sensor | |||
| DAB | |||
| Delayed Accessory Bus | |||
| DAB | |||
| Driver AirBag (module) | |||
| DART | |||
| Diagnostic And Reprogramming Tool | |||
| dB | |||
| Decibels | |||
| dBA | |||
| decibels on A-weighted scale | |||
| DBB | |||
| Dual Bed Bead | |||
| DBM | |||
| Dual Bed Monolith | |||
| DC | |||
| Direct Current | |||
| DC | |||
| Duty Cycle | |||
| DCCSM | |||
| Dual Climate Controlled Seat Module | |||
| DCM | |||
| Door Control Module | |||
| DDM | |||
| Driver's Door Module | |||
| DDS | |||
| Deflection Detection System | |||
| DDS | |||
| Driver's Door Switch | |||
| DE | |||
| Drive End | |||
| dec | |||
| Decrement | |||
| DEC | |||
| Digital Electronic Controller | |||
| DERM | |||
| Diagnostic Energy Reserve Module | |||
| des | |||
| Desired | |||
| DFCO | |||
| Deceleration Fuel CutOff | |||
| DFI | |||
| Direct Fuel Injection | |||
| DGI | |||
| Direct Gasoline Injection | |||
| DI | |||
| Distributor Ignition | |||
| DIC | |||
| Driver Information Center | |||
| diff | |||
| Differential | |||
| DIM | |||
| Dashboard Integration Module | |||
| dis | |||
| Disable | |||
| DIS | |||
| Direct (aka Distributorless) Ignition System (replaced with EI) | |||
| disc | |||
| Disconnect | |||
| DISI | |||
| Direct Injection, Spark Ignition | |||
| DIST | |||
| Distributor | |||
| DIY | |||
| Do It Yourself | |||
| DLC | |||
| Data Link Connector | |||
| DLC | |||
| Diamond Logic Computer | |||
| DMCM | |||
| Driver Motor Control Module | |||
| DMM | |||
| Digital MultiMeter | |||
| DMSD | |||
| Drive Motor Speed and Direction | |||
| DOHC | |||
| Double Overhead Cam | |||
| DNR | |||
| Dolby Noise Reduction | |||
| DOL | |||
| Data Output Line | |||
| DPFE | |||
| Differential Pressure Feedback EGR | |||
| DPI | |||
| Dual Plug Inhibit | |||
| DRB | |||
| Diagnostic Readout Box | |||
| DRF | |||
| Deactivating Roller Follower | |||
| DRL | |||
| Daytime Running Lamps | |||
| DRR | |||
| Digital Radio Receiver | |||
| DRW | |||
| Dual Rear Wheel | |||
| DSCC | |||
| Distance Sensing Cruise Control | |||
| DSDA | |||
| Dual Stage Driver Airbag | |||
| DSG | |||
| Direct Shift Gearbox | |||
| DSI | |||
| Dual Stage Inflator | |||
| DSM | |||
| Driver's Seat module | |||
| DSO | |||
| Digital Storage Oscilloscope | |||
| DSP | |||
| Digital Signal Process | |||
| DSPA | |||
| Dual Stage Passenger Airbag | |||
| DSRC | |||
| Dedicated Short Range Commnication | |||
| DSS | |||
| Downshift Solenoid | |||
| DSST | |||
| Dunlop Self Supporting Tyre | |||
| DTC | |||
| Diagnostic Trouble Code | |||
| DTM | |||
| Diagnostic Test Mode | |||
| DTR | |||
| Digital Transmission Range | |||
| DTT | |||
| Diesel Transmission Technologies | |||
| DVOM | |||
| Digital Volt-Ohmmeter | |||
| E4OD | |||
| Electronic 4-Speed Overdrive | |||
| E10 | |||
| Ethanol 10 percent | |||
| E85 | |||
| Ethanol 85 percent | |||
| EA | |||
| Electronic Accelerator | |||
| EAC | |||
| Electronic Air Control (replaced with AIR) | |||
| EAIR | |||
| Electronic (secondary) Air Injection Reaction | |||
| EAS | |||
| Electrically Assisted Steering | |||
| EAS | |||
| Electronic Air Switching | |||
| EATC | |||
| Electronic Automatic Temperature Control | |||
| EBC | |||
| Electronic Brake Control | |||
| EBCM | |||
| Electronic Brake Control Module | |||
| EBD | |||
| Electronic Brake force Distribution | |||
| EBM | |||
| Electronic Brake Module | |||
| EBP | |||
| Exhaust Back Pressure | |||
| EBTCM | |||
| Electronic Brake and Traction Control Module | |||
| EC | |||
| Electrical Center | |||
| EC | |||
| Electronic Control | |||
| E&C | |||
| Entertainment and Comfort | |||
| ECA | |||
| Electronic Control Assembly (replaced with PCM) | |||
| ECC | |||
| Electronic Climate Control | |||
| ECD | |||
| Electronically Controlled Deceleration | |||
| ECI | |||
| Extended Compressor at Idle | |||
| ECL | |||
| Engine Coolant Level | |||
| ECM | |||
| Electronic Control Module | |||
| ECM | |||
| Engine Control Module | |||
| ECS | |||
| Electronic Crash Sensor | |||
| ECS | |||
| Emission Control System | |||
| ECT | |||
| Engine Coolant Temperature (Switch, Sensor) | |||
| ECU | |||
| Electronic Control Unit | |||
| EDF | |||
| Electric Drive Fan (relay) | |||
| EDIS | |||
| Electronic Direct Ignition System (replaced with EI) | |||
| EDR | |||
| Event Data Recorder | |||
| EDSR | |||
| Electronic Dealer Service (Investigation) Report | |||
| EEC | |||
| Electronic Engine Control | |||
| EEDS | |||
| Electric-Electronic Distribution System | |||
| EEPROM | |||
| Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memeory | |||
| EEVIR | |||
| Evaporator Equalized Values In Receiver | |||
| EFE | |||
| Early Fuel Evaporation | |||
| EFI | |||
| Electronic Fuel Injection | |||
| EFTA | |||
| Engine Fuel Temperature - Bank 1 Input DEGREES | |||
| EFTA V | |||
| Engine Fuel Temperature - Bank 1 Input VOLTS | |||
| EFTB | |||
| Engine Fuel Temperature - Bank 2 Input DEGREES | |||
| EFTB V | |||
| Engine Fuel Temperature - Bank 2 Input VOLTS | |||
| EGC | |||
| Electronic Gauge Cluster | |||
| EGO | |||
| Exhaust Gas Oxygen (replaced with O2S) | |||
| EGOG | |||
| EGO Ground | |||
| EGR | |||
| Exhaust Gas Recirculation | |||
| EGRBARO | |||
| Enable Baro Read instead of EGR pressure | |||
| EGRC | |||
| Exhaust Gas Recirculation Control | |||
| EGRCMDS | |||
| EGR Motor Commanded In Steps | |||
| EGRMC1 | |||
| EGR Motor Control Output Command | |||
| EGRMC2 | |||
| EGR Motor Control Output Command | |||
| EGRMC3 | |||
| EGR Motor Control Output Command | |||
| EGBMC4 | |||
| EGR Motor Control Output Command | |||
| EGRT | |||
| Exhaust Gas Recirculation Temperature (switch) | |||
| EGR TVV | |||
| Exhaust Gas Recirculation Thermal Vacuum Valve | |||
| EGRV | |||
| Exhaust Gas Recirculation Vent | |||
| EGRVR | |||
| EGR Valve Vacuum Control | |||
| EGTS | |||
| Exhaust Gas Temperature Switch (replaced with EGRT) | |||
| EHB | |||
| Electro-Hydraulic Brake | |||
| EHCU | |||
| Electronic Hydraulic Control Unit | |||
| EHOC | |||
| Electrically Heated Oxidation Catalyst | |||
| EHPA | |||
| Electro-Hydraulic Power Assist | |||
| EHPAS | |||
| Electric Hydraulic Power Assisted Steering | |||
| EHPS | |||
| Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering | |||
| EHTWC | |||
| Electrically Heated Three Way Catalyst | |||
| EI | |||
| Electronic Ignition (includes Distributorless Ignition System, formerly DIS) | |||
| ELC | |||
| Electronic Level Control | |||
| EM | |||
| Energy Management | |||
| EM | |||
| Engine Modification | |||
| EMAS | |||
| Engine Management and Analysis System | |||
| EMAT | |||
| Electro-Mechanical Automatic Transmission | |||
| EMB | |||
| Electromagnetic Brakes | |||
| EMB | |||
| Electro-Mechanical Brake | |||
| EMCC | |||
| Electronically Modulated Converter Clutch | |||
| EMF | |||
| ElectroMotive Force (voltage) | |||
| EMI | |||
| Electromagnetic Interference | |||
| EMR | |||
| Electronic Module Retard | |||
| EMR | |||
| Emission Maintenance Reminder | |||
| EMS | |||
| Engine Management System | |||
| EOBD | |||
| Enhanced On-Board Diagnostics | |||
| EOP | |||
| Engine Oil Pressure | |||
| EOT | |||
| Engine Oil Temperature | |||
| EOTF | |||
| Engine Oil Temperature Fault Detection | |||
| EOT V | |||
| Engine Oil Temperature Volts | |||
| EP | |||
| Exhaust Pressure | |||
| EPA | |||
| Environmental Protection Agency | |||
| EPACT | |||
| Energy Policy Act | |||
| EPC | |||
| Electronic Pressure Control | |||
| EPHS | |||
| Electrically Powered Hydraulic Steering | |||
| EPR | |||
| Exhaust Pressure Regulator | |||
| EPROM | |||
| Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory | |||
| EPS | |||
| Electric Power Steering | |||
| EPS | |||
| Electric Power Steering | |||
| EPS | |||
| Engine Position Sensor | |||
| EPT | |||
| EGR Pressure Transducer (replaced with PFE) | |||
| ERH | |||
| Extended Ride Height | |||
| ESB | |||
| Energy Storage Box | |||
| ESB | |||
| Expansion Spring Brake | |||
| ESC | |||
| Electrical Systems Controller | |||
| ESC | |||
| Electronic Spark Control | |||
| ESC | |||
| Electronic Suspension Control | |||
| ESC | |||
| Extended Service Contract | |||
| ESCM | |||
| Energy Storage Control Module | |||
| ESD | |||
| Electrostatic Discharge | |||
| ESM | |||
| EGR System Module | |||
| ESM | |||
| Electronic Steering Module | |||
| ESN | |||
| Electronic Serial Number | |||
| ESO | |||
| Engine ShutOff | |||
| ESOF | |||
| Electronic Shift On (the) Fly | |||
| ESP | |||
| Electronic Stability Program | |||
| EST | |||
| Electronic Spark Timing | |||
| ETBE | |||
| Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether | |||
| ETC | |||
| Electronic Temperature Control | |||
| ETC | |||
| Electronic Throttle Control | |||
| ETC | |||
| Electronic Timing Control | |||
| ETCC | |||
| Electronic Touch Climate Control | |||
| ETR | |||
| Electronically Tuned Receiver | |||
| ETS | |||
| Enhanced Traction System | |||
| EUDC | |||
| Extra-Urban Driving Cycle | |||
| EUDC-LP | |||
| Extra-Urban Driving Cycle for Low Power vehicles | |||
| EV | |||
| Electric Vehicle | |||
| EVA | |||
| Electronic Vibration Analyzer | |||
| EVAP | |||
| Evaporative Emission | |||
| EVAPCPF | |||
| Evaporative Emissions Canister Purge Fault YES/NO | |||
| EVAPCV | |||
| Evaporative Emissions Canister Purge Vent Control | |||
| EVAPCVF | |||
| Evaporative Emissions Canister Purge Vent Fault | |||
| EVAPPDC | |||
| Evaporative Emissions Canister Purge Control % | |||
| EVAPPF | |||
| Evaporative Purge Flow Input VOLTS | |||
| EVIC | |||
| Electronic Vehicle Information Center | |||
| EVMV | |||
| Electric Vapour Management Valve | |||
| EVO | |||
| Electronic Variable Orifice | |||
| EVP | |||
| EGR Valve Position (sensor) | |||
| EVR | |||
| EGR Vacuum Regulator | |||
| EVTOP | |||
| Enhanced Tactical Vehicle Occupant Protection | |||
| EVTM | |||
| Electrical & Vacuum Troubleshooting Manual | |||
| EWMA | |||
| Exponentially Weighted Moving Average | |||
| EXH | |||
| Exhaust | |||
| F4WD | |||
| Full Time Four Wheel Drive | |||
| FABS | |||
| Flexible Auto Body System | |||
| FAF | |||
| Fan Air Flow | |||
| FANDC | |||
| Variable Speed Fan Duty Cycle % | |||
| FANVARF | |||
| Variable Speed Fan Output Fault | |||
| FBC | |||
| Feedback Carburetor | |||
| FC | |||
| Fan Control | |||
| FC | |||
| Friction Curve | |||
| FCM | |||
| Front Control module | |||
| FCP | |||
| Fuel Cell Partnership | |||
| FCU | |||
| Front Control Unit | |||
| FCV | |||
| Fuel Cell Vehicle | |||
| FDBK | |||
| Feedback | |||
| FDC | |||
| Fuel Data Center | |||
| FEAD | |||
| Front End Accessory Drive (belt) | |||
| FED | |||
| Federal (except California) | |||
| FEDS | |||
| Fuel Enable Data Stream | |||
| FEDS | |||
| Flexible Engine Diagnostic System | |||
| FEIC | |||
| Fuel Economy Integrated Counter | |||
| FET | |||
| Field Effect Transistor | |||
| FEX | |||
| Front Exchanger | |||
| FF | |||
| Flexible Fuel | |||
| FFCRS | |||
| Front-Facing Child Restraint System | |||
| FFFP | |||
| Fuel-Flexible Fuel Processor | |||
| FFH | |||
| Fuel Fired Heater | |||
| FFS | |||
| Fine-blanking and Finishing System | |||
| FFS | |||
| Flexible Fuel Sensor | |||
| FFV | |||
| Flexible Fuel Vehicle | |||
| FFWS | |||
| Fuel Filter Water Separator | |||
| FI | |||
| Fuel Injection | |||
| FICM | |||
| Fuel Injector Control Module | |||
| FIDO | |||
| Flame Ionization Detector Optimization | |||
| FIM | |||
| Fuel Indicator Module | |||
| FIPL | |||
| Fuel Injection Pump Lever | |||
| FIPT | |||
| Fuel Inlet Pressure Test | |||
| Fl | |||
| Front Left | |||
| FLI | |||
| Fuel Level Indicator Input percent | |||
| FLI V | |||
| Fuel Level Indicator Input VOLTS | |||
| FLO | |||
| Fast Light-Off | |||
| flr | |||
| Floor | |||
| FLVV | |||
| Fill Limit Vent Valve | |||
| FM | |||
| Frequency Modulation | |||
| FMEM | |||
| Failure Mode Effects Management | |||
| FMVSS | |||
| Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards | |||
| FP | |||
| Fuel Pump | |||
| FPCM | |||
| Fuel injection Pump Control Module | |||
| FPDM | |||
| Fuel Pump Driver Module | |||
| FPF | |||
| Fuel Pump Output Fault | |||
| FPI | |||
| Fins Per Inch | |||
| FPM | |||
| Fuel Pump Monitor | |||
| FPR | |||
| Fuel Pump Regulator | |||
| FPRC | |||
| Fuel Pressure Regulator Circuit | |||
| FPS | |||
| Fast Pass Standard | |||
| FPSM | |||
| Fuel Pump Secondary Monitor | |||
| FPV | |||
| Ford Performance Vehicles | |||
| FR | |||
| Front Right | |||
| FRACAS | |||
| Failure Reporting And Corrective Action System | |||
| FRC | |||
| Forced | |||
| freq | |||
| Frequency | |||
| frnt | |||
| Front | |||
| FRP | |||
| Fuel Rail Pressure | |||
| FRS | |||
| Face Recognition System | |||
| FRV | |||
| First Response Vehicle | |||
| FSA | |||
| Field Service Action | |||
| FSDI | |||
| Four-Stroke, Direct Injection | |||
| FSI | |||
| Fuel Straight Injection | |||
| FSS | |||
| Forward Sensing System | |||
| FSVF | |||
| Fuel Solenoid Valve Fault | |||
| FSVM | |||
| Fuel Solenoid Valve Secondary Monitor | |||
| FT | |||
| Fuel Trim | |||
| FTP | |||
| Federal Test Procedure | |||
| FTP | |||
| Fuel Tank Pressure | |||
| FTPT | |||
| Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer | |||
| FUDC | |||
| Federal Urban Driving Cycle | |||
| FUELPW1 | |||
| Injector Pulse Width Bank 1 | |||
| FUELPW2 | |||
| Injector Pulse Width Bank 2 | |||
| FW | |||
| Flat Wire | |||
| fwd | |||
| Forward | |||
| FWD | |||
| Front Wheel Drive | |||
| GA | |||
| Gage | |||
| GA | |||
| Gravitational Acceleration | |||
| GAWR | |||
| Gross Axle Weight Rating | |||
| GCR | |||
| Global Concern Report | |||
| GCW | |||
| Gross Combined Weight | |||
| g/cyl | |||
| Grams per Cylinder | |||
| GCWR | |||
| Gross Combined Weight Rating | |||
| GDI | |||
| Gasoline Direct Injection | |||
| GEN | |||
| Generator | |||
| GENF | |||
| Generator Output Fault | |||
| GENFDC | |||
| Generator Field Control Output | |||
| GEM | |||
| Gasoline Engine Management | |||
| GEM | |||
| Generic Electronic Module | |||
| GFS | |||
| Generator Field Signal | |||
| GGT | |||
| Gas Guzzler Tax | |||
| GHG | |||
| GreenHouse Gas | |||
| GISMO | |||
| Geographic Information System, Mobile | |||
| GND | |||
| Ground | |||
| GOVN | |||
| Governor Module | |||
| GPCM | |||
| Glow Plug Control Module | |||
| GPS | |||
| Global Positioning System | |||
| GS | |||
| Garage Shift | |||
| g/sec | |||
| Grams per Second | |||
| GTL | |||
| Gas To Liquid | |||
| GVW | |||
| Gross Vehicle Weight | |||
| GVWR | |||
| Gross Vehicle Weight Rating | |||
| H | |||
| Hydrogen | |||
| H2DI | |||
| Hydrogen Direct Injection | |||
| H2O | |||
| Water | |||
| HAST | |||
| High Accelerated Stress Test | |||
| HBA | |||
| Hydraulic Brake Assist | |||
| HBU | |||
| Hub Bearing Unit | |||
| HC | |||
| Hydrocarbons | |||
| HCCI | |||
| Homogeneous-Charge, Compression Ignition | |||
| HCM | |||
| Heating Control Module | |||
| HCM | |||
| Hybrid Control Module | |||
| HCU | |||
| Hydraulic Control Unit | |||
| HCV | |||
| Heavy Commercial Vehicle | |||
| H/CMPR | |||
| High Compression | |||
| HD | |||
| Heavy Duty | |||
| HDC | |||
| Heavy Duty Cooling | |||
| HDGV | |||
| Heavy Duty Gasoline-fueled Vehicle | |||
| HDR | |||
| High Data Rate | |||
| HD-UDDS | |||
| Heavy Duty Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule | |||
| HEC | |||
| Hybrid Electronic Cluster | |||
| HEDF | |||
| High Speed Electro Drive Fan (relay or circuit) | |||
| HEGO | |||
| Heated Exhaust Gas Oxygen (sensor) (replaced with HO2S) | |||
| HEGOG | |||
| HEGO Ground (circuit) | |||
| HEPS | |||
| Hydraulic Electric Power Steering | |||
| HEUI | |||
| Hydraulic-actuated Electronically-controlled Unit Injector | |||
| HEV | |||
| Hybrid Electric Vehicle | |||
| HFC | |||
| High Fan Control | |||
| HFC | |||
| Hydraulic Fading Compensation | |||
| HFCF | |||
| High Speed Fan Control Fault | |||
| HFM | |||
| Hot Film Meter | |||
| HFP | |||
| High Fuel Pump | |||
| Hg | |||
| Mercury | |||
| Hi Alt | |||
| Hi Altitude | |||
| HICAS | |||
| High Capacity Actively Controlled Steering | |||
| HID | |||
| High Intensity Discharge | |||
| HIS | |||
| Horizontal Impact Sensor | |||
| hist | |||
| History | |||
| HLDT | |||
| Heavy Light-Duty Truck | |||
| HLOS | |||
| Hardware Limited Operating Strategy | |||
| HO | |||
| High Output | |||
| HO2S | |||
| Heated Oxygen Sensor | |||
| hp | |||
| Horsepower | |||
| HPDI | |||
| High Pressure Direct Injection | |||
| HPL | |||
| High Pressure Liquid | |||
| HPP | |||
| High Pressure Pump | |||
| HPS | |||
| Head Protection System | |||
| HPS | |||
| High Performance System | |||
| HPV | |||
| High Pressure Vapour | |||
| HPVS | |||
| Heat Pump Ventilation System | |||
| HRC | |||
| Headlamp Range Control | |||
| HSA | |||
| Head Side Airbag | |||
| HSC | |||
| High Swirl Combustion | |||
| HSCDS | |||
| High-Sensitivity Collision Detection System | |||
| HSDI | |||
| High-Speed Direct Injection | |||
| HSE | |||
| High-Speed Enrichment | |||
| HSEA | |||
| High Solar Energy Absorbing (glass) | |||
| HTCM | |||
| Heating-ventilation-air-conditioning Thermal Control Module | |||
| HTR11 | |||
| Bank 1 Upstream 02S Heater Control | |||
| HTR11F | |||
| Bank 1 Upstream 02S Heater Circuit Fault | |||
| HTR12 | |||
| Bank 1 Downstream O2S Heater Control | |||
| HTR12F | |||
| Bank 1 Downstream O2S Heater Circuit Fault | |||
| HTR21 | |||
| Bank 2 Upstream O2S Heater Control | |||
| HTR21F | |||
| Bank 1 Downstream O2S Heater Circuit Fault | |||
| HTR22 | |||
| Bank 2 Downstream 02S Heater Control | |||
| HTR22F | |||
| Bank 1 Downstream O2S Heater Circuit Fault | |||
| HTRX1 | |||
| 02S Upstream Heater Control | |||
| HTRX2 | |||
| O2S Downstream Heater Control | |||
| HUD | |||
| Heads Up Display | |||
| HUD | |||
| Heads Up Display | |||
| HVAC | |||
| Heater-Vent-Air Conditioning | |||
| HVACM | |||
| Heater-Vent-Air Conditioning Module | |||
| HVI | |||
| High Viscosity Index | |||
| HVIL | |||
| High Voltage Interlock Loop | |||
| HVM | |||
| Heater Vent Mondule | |||
| HW | |||
| Heated Windshield | |||
| HWFET | |||
| Highway Fuel Economy Test (driving schedule) | |||
| HYPAS | |||
| Hydraulic Power Assisted Steering | |||
| Hz | |||
| Hertz | |||
| IA | |||
| Intake Air | |||
| IABM | |||
| Integrated AirBag Module | |||
| IAC | |||
| Idle Air Control | |||
| IAFM | |||
| Integrated Air Fuel Module | |||
| IAFS | |||
| Integrated Air Fuel System | |||
| IAT | |||
| Intake Air Temperature | |||
| iATN | |||
| International Automotive Technicians Network | |||
| IBOB | |||
| Intelligent BreakOut Box | |||
| IC | |||
| Ignition Control | |||
| IC | |||
| Integrated Circuit | |||
| ICA | |||
| Injector Cam Actuation | |||
| ICC | |||
| Intelligent Cruise Control | |||
| ICCS | |||
| Integrated Chassis Control System | |||
| ICDX | |||
| Integrated Compact Disc Changer | |||
| ICE | |||
| Internal Combustion Engine | |||
| ICM | |||
| Ignition Control Module | |||
| ICP | |||
| Injection Control Pressure | |||
| ICS | |||
| Integrated Chassis System | |||
| ICWS | |||
| Intersection Collision Warning System | |||
| ID | |||
| Identification | |||
| ID | |||
| Inside Diameter | |||
| IDI | |||
| Integrated Direct Ignition | |||
| IDIS | |||
| International Dismantling Information System | |||
| IDM | |||
| Ignition Diagnostic Module | |||
| IDM | |||
| Injector Driver Module | |||
| IDS | |||
| Integrated Diagnostic Software | |||
| IEDIS | |||
| Integrated Electronic Distributorless Ignition System | |||
| IFES | |||
| Integrated Front End System | |||
| IFI | |||
| Indirect Diesel Injection | |||
| IFS | |||
| Inertia Fuel Shutoff | |||
| IFSM | |||
| Integrated Fuel System Module | |||
| IGN | |||
| Ignition | |||
| ILC | |||
| Idle Load Compensator | |||
| ILEV | |||
| Inherently Low Emission Vehicle | |||
| illum | |||
| Illumination | |||
| I/M | |||
| Inspection Maintenance | |||
| IMA | |||
| Integrated Motor Assist | |||
| IMDX | |||
| Integrated Mini Disc Changer | |||
| IMLUT | |||
| Inspection/Maintenance Look-Up Table | |||
| immo | |||
| Immobilizer | |||
| IMPR | |||
| In-use Monitor Performance Ratio | |||
| IMRC | |||
| Intake Manifold Runner Control | |||
| IMRC F | |||
| Intake Manifold Runner Control Fault YES/NO | |||
| IMRCM | |||
| Intake Manifold Runner Control Monitor Input Bank 1 VOLTS | |||
| IMRCM2 | |||
| Intake Manifold Runner Control Monitor Input Bank 2 VOLTS | |||
| IMS | |||
| Inductive Magnetic Saturation | |||
| IMS | |||
| Instant Mobility System | |||
| IMSC | |||
| Intake Manifold Swirl Control | |||
| IMSC F | |||
| Intake Manifold Swirl Control Fault | |||
| IMT | |||
| Intake Manifold Tuning | |||
| IMTD | |||
| Intake Manifold Temperature Differential | |||
| IMTV | |||
| Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Control % | |||
| IMTVF | |||
| Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Fault | |||
| in | |||
| Inch(es) | |||
| inadv | |||
| Inadvertant | |||
| inc | |||
| Increment | |||
| INCA | |||
| In-Car Aquisition | |||
| incand | |||
| Incandescent | |||
| infl | |||
| Inflatable | |||
| init | |||
| Initial | |||
| INJ | |||
| Injection | |||
| INJ | |||
| Injector | |||
| INJ1F-8F | |||
| Fuel Injector Primary Fault Cylinders 1 thru 8 | |||
| INJ9F-lOF | |||
| Fuel Injector Primary Fault Cylinders 9 and 10 | |||
| INP | |||
| Input | |||
| inst | |||
| Instant | |||
| int | |||
| Interior | |||
| INT | |||
| Integrator (replaced with ST FUEL TRIM) | |||
| I/O | |||
| In/Out | |||
| IOC | |||
| Instant Oil Change | |||
| I/P | |||
| Instrument Panel | |||
| IPC | |||
| Instrument Panel Cluster | |||
| IPEC | |||
| Instrument Panel Electrical Center | |||
| IPM | |||
| Instrument Panel Module | |||
| IPM | |||
| Integrated Power Module | |||
| IPR | |||
| Injector Pressure Regulator | |||
| IRDS | |||
| Independant Rear Drive Suspension | |||
| IRQ | |||
| Interrupt Request | |||
| IRS | |||
| Independant Rear Suspension | |||
| ISA | |||
| Integrated Starter-Alternator | |||
| ISAD | |||
| Integrated Starter Alternator Damper | |||
| ISB | |||
| Interact System B | |||
| ISC | |||
| Idle Speed Control | |||
| ISG | |||
| Integrated Starter-Generator | |||
| ISI | |||
| Ion Sensing Ignition | |||
| ISO | |||
| Interior Systems Optimization | |||
| ISO | |||
| International Standards Organization | |||
| iso | |||
| Isolation | |||
| ISS | |||
| Input Shaft Speed | |||
| ITARDA | |||
| Institute for Traffic Acccident Research and Data Analysis | |||
| ITTB | |||
| Idle Time To Boil | |||
| ITTR | |||
| Inflatable Tubular Torso Restraint | |||
| ITS | |||
| Idle Tracking Switch | |||
| IVC | |||
| Integral Vapour Canister | |||
| IVCS | |||
| Integrated Vehicle Control System | |||
| IVI | |||
| Intelligent Vehicle Initiative | |||
| IVIS | |||
| In Vehicle Information System | |||
| IVMS | |||
| In Vehicle Monitoring System | |||
| IVS | |||
| Idle Validation Switch | |||
| IVSC | |||
| Integrated Vehicle Speed Control | |||
| i-VTEC | |||
| Intelligent Variable (valve) Timing (and lift) Electronic Control | |||
| IWC | |||
| Inertia Weight Class | |||
| JARI | |||
| Japan Automotive Research Institute | |||
| JTEC | |||
| Jeep, Truck Engine Control | |||
| JTEC | |||
| Joint Transmission-Engine Controller | |||
| KAM | |||
| Keep Alive Memory | |||
| KAPWR | |||
| Keep Alive power | |||
| KDD | |||
| Keyboard Display Driver | |||
| kg | |||
| Kilogram | |||
| kg/h | |||
| Kilograms per Hour | |||
| kHz | |||
| Kilohertz | |||
| km | |||
| Kilometer | |||
| km/h | |||
| Kilometers per Hour | |||
| km/l | |||
| Kilometers per Litre | |||
| KOEO | |||
| Key On Engine Off | |||
| KOER | |||
| Key On Engine Running | |||
| kPa | |||
| Kilopascal | |||
| KS | |||
| Knock Sensor | |||
| KS1 V | |||
| Knock Sensor Input Bank 1 VOLTS | |||
| KS2 V | |||
| Knock Sensor Input Bank 2 VOLTS | |||
| kV | |||
| Kilovolts | |||
| L | |||
| Liter(s) | |||
| L4 | |||
| Four Cylinder Inline Engine | |||
| LATCH | |||
| Lower Anchors and Tethers for CHildren | |||
| LB | |||
| Long Box, Long Bed | |||
| LCD | |||
| Liquid Crystal Display | |||
| LCM | |||
| Lighting Control Module | |||
| LDAS | |||
| Lane Departure Avoidance System | |||
| LDCL | |||
| Left Door Control Locking | |||
| LDCM | |||
| Left Door Control Module | |||
| LDDT | |||
| Light Duty Diesel Truck | |||
| LDGT | |||
| Light Duty Gasoline (fueled) Truck | |||
| LDM | |||
| Lamp Driver Module | |||
| LDP | |||
| Leak Detection Pump | |||
| LDR | |||
| Low Data Rate | |||
| lduty | |||
| Light Duty | |||
| LEADER | |||
| Low Emissions Advanced Engine Range | |||
| LED | |||
| Light Emitting Diode | |||
| LEP | |||
| Light Emitting Polymer | |||
| LEV | |||
| Low Emissions Vehicle | |||
| LF | |||
| Left Front | |||
| LFC | |||
| Lamp Fault Code | |||
| LFC | |||
| Low Fan Control | |||
| LFCF | |||
| Low Speed Fan Control Fault | |||
| LFWS | |||
| Left Front Wheel Speed | |||
| LFCS | |||
| Low Flow Cooling System | |||
| LFP | |||
| Low Fuel pump | |||
| LGM | |||
| Lift Gate Module | |||
| LH | |||
| Left Hand | |||
| LIE | |||
| Laterally Inclined Engine | |||
| L/M | |||
| Litres Per Minute | |||
| lm | |||
| Lumens | |||
| LMD | |||
| Left Mid Door | |||
| LNG | |||
| Liquid Natural Gas | |||
| LO | |||
| Low | |||
| LOMA | |||
| Lifter Oil Manifold Assembly | |||
| LONGFT1 | |||
| Long Term Fuel Trim Bank 1 % | |||
| LONGFT2 | |||
| Long Term Fuel Trim Bank 2 % | |||
| LOS | |||
| Limited Operation Strategy | |||
| LPA | |||
| Low Pressure Accumulator | |||
| LPG | |||
| Liquified Petroleum Gas | |||
| LPM | |||
| Litres Per Minute | |||
| LPO | |||
| Limited Production Option | |||
| LPS | |||
| Low Pressure Sensor | |||
| LR | |||
| Left Rear | |||
| LR | |||
| Loaded Radius | |||
| LRA | |||
| Latching Rocker Arm | |||
| LRD | |||
| Left Rear Door | |||
| lrn | |||
| Learn | |||
| LSD | |||
| Limited Slip Differential | |||
| LSEGR | |||
| Linear Solenoid Exhaust Gas Recirculation | |||
| LSP and BV | |||
| Load Sensing Proportioning and Bypass Valve | |||
| LSUV | |||
| Luxury Sport Utility Vehicle | |||
| LT | |||
| Left | |||
| LT | |||
| Long Term (Fuel Trim) | |||
| LTA | |||
| Low Temperature Aftercooling | |||
| LTD | |||
| Long-Travel Dampened (clutch) | |||
| LTPI | |||
| Low Tyre Pressure Indicator | |||
| LTPWS | |||
| Low Tyre Pressure Warning System | |||
| LUS | |||
| Lock-Up Solenoid (see TCC) | |||
| LV8 | |||
| Load Variable 8 Cylinder | |||
| LVDT | |||
| Linear Variable Differential Transducer | |||
| LVL | |||
| Level | |||
| LWB | |||
| Long WheelBase (see LB) | |||
| MAF | |||
| Mass Air Flow | |||
| malf | |||
| Malfunction | |||
| MALL | |||
| Multifunction Alarm Lighting and Locking | |||
| MAN | |||
| Manufacturer | |||
| MAP | |||
| Manifold Absolute Pressure | |||
| Map | |||
| Large folded piece of colourful paper | |||
| MAT | |||
| Manifold Air Temperature | |||
| MC | |||
| Measuring Core | |||
| MC | |||
| Mixture Control | |||
| MCM | |||
| Message Center Module | |||
| MCNU | |||
| Multiband Configurable Networking Units | |||
| MCU | |||
| Microprocessor Control Unit | |||
| MD | |||
| Mini Disc | |||
| MD | |||
| Modulated Displacement | |||
| MDP | |||
| Manifold Differential Pressure | |||
| MDS(2) | |||
| Mopar Diagnostic System | |||
| MDX | |||
| Mini Disc Changer | |||
| MECS | |||
| Mazda Electronic Control System | |||
| med | |||
| Medium | |||
| MEM | |||
| Memory | |||
| MEMCAL | |||
| Memory Calibration | |||
| MFC | |||
| Medium Speed Fan Control ON/OFF | |||
| MFCF | |||
| Medium Speed Fan Control Fault YES/NO | |||
| MFI | |||
| Multiport Fuel Injection | |||
| MFI | |||
| Multi Function Indicator | |||
| MGMT | |||
| Management | |||
| MIC | |||
| Mechanical Instrument Cluster | |||
| MID | |||
| Midrange | |||
| MID | |||
| Monitor Identification | |||
| MIL | |||
| Malfunction Indicator Lamp | |||
| MIN | |||
| Minimum | |||
| MIN | |||
| Minute | |||
| MIN | |||
| Mobile Identification Number | |||
| MIP | |||
| Mixer Inlet Pressure | |||
| ML | |||
| Manual Longitudinal | |||
| MLP(s) | |||
| Manual Lever Position (sensor) | |||
| mm | |||
| Millimetre | |||
| mm3 | |||
| Cubic Millimetre(s) | |||
| MMC | |||
| Manifold Mounted Converter | |||
| mmhg | |||
| Millimeters of mercury | |||
| MMM | |||
| Memory Mirror Module | |||
| MMT | |||
| Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl | |||
| mod | |||
| Module | |||
| mon | |||
| Monitor | |||
| MPa | |||
| Megapascal | |||
| MPFI | |||
| Multiport Fuel Injection | |||
| ms | |||
| Millisecond | |||
| MSFF | |||
| Miles Since First Fail | |||
| MSLF | |||
| Miles Since Last Fail | |||
| MSM | |||
| Memory Seat Module | |||
| MSO | |||
| Mixed Signal Oscilloscope | |||
| MSRP | |||
| Manufacturers Suggested Retail Price | |||
| MST | |||
| Manifold Surface Temperature | |||
| MSVA | |||
| Magnetic Steering Variable Assist | |||
| M/T | |||
| Manual Transmission/Transaxle | |||
| MTBE | |||
| Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether | |||
| MTBF | |||
| Mean Time Between Failures | |||
| MTV | |||
| Manifold Tuning Valve | |||
| MV | |||
| Megavolt | |||
| mV | |||
| Millivolt | |||
| MVLPS | |||
| Manual Valve Lever Position Sensor | |||
| MVSA | |||
| Motor Vehicle Safety Act | |||
| MVSS | |||
| Motor Vehicle Safety Standards | |||
| MY | |||
| Model Year | |||
| NAAO | |||
| North American Automotive Operations | |||
| NAES | |||
| North American Export Sales | |||
| NAICC | |||
| Navigation-Aided Intelligent Cruise Control | |||
| NATS | |||
| Nissan Anti-Theft System | |||
| NC | |||
| Normally Closed | |||
| NCAP | |||
| New Car Assessment Program | |||
| NDH | |||
| Navigation Display Head | |||
| NEG | |||
| Negative | |||
| NEU | |||
| Neutral | |||
| NFF | |||
| No Fault Found | |||
| NG | |||
| Natural Gas | |||
| NGS | |||
| New Generation STAR (Self Test Automatic Readout) | |||
| NGSC | |||
| Next Generation Speed Control | |||
| NGTP | |||
| Next Generation Telematics Protocol | |||
| NGV | |||
| Natural Gas Vehicle | |||
| NGV | |||
| New Generation Vehicle | |||
| NGVM | |||
| Natural Gas Vehicle Module | |||
| NHTSA | |||
| National Highway Traffic Safety Administration | |||
| NI | |||
| Neutral Idle | |||
| NiMH | |||
| Nickel Metal Hydride | |||
| NLGI | |||
| National Lubricating Grease Institute | |||
| N-m | |||
| Newton Meters | |||
| NO | |||
| Normally Open | |||
| NOx | |||
| Nitrogen Oxides | |||
| NoVRAM | |||
| Non Volatile Random Access Memory | |||
| NPF | |||
| No Problem Found | |||
| NPTC | |||
| National Pipe Thread Coarse | |||
| NPTF | |||
| National Pipe Thread Fine | |||
| NSBU | |||
| Neutral Safety Back Up | |||
| NV | |||
| Night Vision | |||
| NVH | |||
| Noise, Vibration and Harshness | |||
| NVLD | |||
| Natural Vacuum Leak Detection | |||
| NVRAM | |||
| Non Volatile Random Access Memory | |||
| NYCC | |||
| New York City Cycle | |||
| O2 | |||
| Oxygen | |||
| O2S | |||
| Oxygen Sensor | |||
| OAD | |||
| Overrunning Alternator Decoupler | |||
| OAP | |||
| Overrunning Alternator Pulley | |||
| OASIS | |||
| Online Automotive Service Information System | |||
| OASIS | |||
| Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards. | |||
| OBD | |||
| On Board Diagnostics | |||
| OBD II | |||
| On Board Diagnostics, Generation 2 | |||
| OC | |||
| Oxidation Catalyst Only | |||
| OCC | |||
| Output Circuit Check | |||
| OCR | |||
| Oil Control Ring | |||
| OCS | |||
| Occupant Classification Sensor | |||
| OCS | |||
| Opportunity Charge Station | |||
| OD | |||
| Outside Diameter | |||
| OD | |||
| Overdrive | |||
| ODM | |||
| Output Drive Module | |||
| ODO | |||
| Odometer | |||
| OE | |||
| Original Equipment | |||
| OEM | |||
| Original Equipment Manufacturer | |||
| OHC | |||
| Overhead Camshaft | |||
| OL | |||
| Open Loop | |||
| OLED | |||
| Organic Light Emitting Diode | |||
| OPR | |||
| Over Pressure Relief | |||
| ORC | |||
| Oxidation Reduction Converter | |||
| ORC | |||
| Occupant Restraint Controller | |||
| ORVR | |||
| On-board Refueling Vapour Recovery | |||
| OSC | |||
| Output State Check | |||
| OSC | |||
| Output State Control | |||
| OSGI | |||
| Open-Service Gateway Interface | |||
| OSS | |||
| Output Shaft Speed | |||
| OTC | |||
| Overhead Trip Computer | |||
| OTIS | |||
| Overhead Travel Information System | |||
| OTM | |||
| Output Test Monitor | |||
| PAB | |||
| Passenger Air Bag | |||
| PADS | |||
| Passenger Airbag Disarm Switch | |||
| PAG | |||
| Polyalkylene Glycol | |||
| PAG | |||
| (Ford) Premier Automotive Group | |||
| PAIR | |||
| Pulsed Secondary Air Injection | |||
| PASE | |||
| PAssive Start and Entry system | |||
| PASM | |||
| Porche Active Steering Management | |||
| PASS | |||
| Passenger | |||
| PASS | |||
| Personalized Automotive Security System | |||
| PATS | |||
| Passive Anti-Theft System | |||
| PB | |||
| Power Brakes | |||
| PC | |||
| Pressure Control | |||
| PCB | |||
| Printed Circuit Board | |||
| PCI | |||
| Programmable Communications Interface | |||
| PCI | |||
| Programmable Controller Interface | |||
| PCM | |||
| Power Control Module | |||
| PCM | |||
| Powertrain Control Module | |||
| PCS | |||
| Pre-Crash Sensor | |||
| PCS | |||
| Pressure Control Solenoid | |||
| PCV | |||
| Positive Crankcase Ventilation | |||
| PDC | |||
| Park Distance Control | |||
| PDC | |||
| Parts Distribution Center | |||
| PDC | |||
| Power Distribution Center | |||
| PDS | |||
| Passenger Door Switch | |||
| PDS | |||
| Portable Diagnostic Software | |||
| PDV | |||
| Parcel Delivery Van | |||
| PEB | |||
| Power Electronics Bay | |||
| PEM | |||
| Proton Electric Membrane | |||
| PEMFC | |||
| Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell | |||
| PEP | |||
| Peripheral Expansion Port | |||
| PFE | |||
| Pressure Feedback EGR | |||
| PFI | |||
| Port Fuel Injection | |||
| PFM | |||
| PDS File Manager | |||
| PFS | |||
| Purge Flow Sensor | |||
| PHEV | |||
| Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle | |||
| PHT | |||
| Parallel Hybrid Truck | |||
| PID | |||
| Parameter Identification | |||
| PIM | |||
| Power Inverter Module | |||
| PIP | |||
| Profile Ignition Pickup (replaced with CKP) | |||
| PKE | |||
| Passive Keyless Entry | |||
| PLL | |||
| Phase Locked Loop | |||
| PM | |||
| Permanent Magnet | |||
| PMD | |||
| Pump Mounted Driver | |||
| PMV | |||
| Pressure Modulator Valve | |||
| P/N | |||
| Part Number | |||
| PNP | |||
| Park/Neutral Position | |||
| POA | |||
| Pilot Operated Absolute | |||
| pos | |||
| Position | |||
| POS | |||
| Positive | |||
| POT | |||
| Potentiometer | |||
| P-PC | |||
| Pocket Personal Computer | |||
| ppm | |||
| Parts Per Million | |||
| PPS | |||
| Passenger Presence Sensor | |||
| PRNDL | |||
| Park Reverse Neutral Drive Low | |||
| PROM | |||
| Programmable Read Only Memory | |||
| PROX | |||
| PReferential OXidation | |||
| PS | |||
| Power Steering | |||
| PSA | |||
| Pressure Switch Assembly | |||
| PSCM | |||
| Passenger Seat Control Module | |||
| PSCM | |||
| Power Steering Control Module | |||
| PSD | |||
| Power Sliding Door | |||
| psgr | |||
| Passenger | |||
| psi | |||
| Pounds Per Square Inch | |||
| psia | |||
| Pounds Per Square Inch Absolute | |||
| psig | |||
| Pounds Per Square Inch Gauge | |||
| PSIR | |||
| Passenger Supplemental Inflatable Restraint | |||
| PSM | |||
| Passenger Seat Module | |||
| PSOM | |||
| Programmable Speedometer/Odometer Module | |||
| PSP | |||
| Power Steering Pressure | |||
| PSV | |||
| Public Service Vehicle | |||
| PTC | |||
| Pending Trouble Code | |||
| PTC | |||
| Positive Temperature Coefficient | |||
| PTO | |||
| Power Takeoff | |||
| PTOX | |||
| Periodic Trap Oxidizer | |||
| PTU | |||
| Part Throttle Unlock | |||
| PWM | |||
| Pulse Width Modulation | |||
| PWR | |||
| Power | |||
| PZEV | |||
| Partial Zero Emision Vehicle | |||
| PZM | |||
| Platform Zone Module | |||
| QDM | |||
| Quad Driver Module | |||
| QDR | |||
| Quality, Durability, Reliability | |||
| QVM | |||
| Qualified Vehicle Modifier | |||
| R/A | |||
| Resume or Accelerate | |||
| RABS | |||
| Rear Antilock Brake System | |||
| RAC | |||
| Remote Accessory Controller | |||
| RAM | |||
| Random Access Memory | |||
| RAM | |||
| Ride Air Module | |||
| RAM | |||
| Remote Anti-theft Module | |||
| RAP | |||
| Retained Access Power | |||
| RAV | |||
| Remote Activation Verification | |||
| RBC | |||
| Rotary Blade Coupling | |||
| RCC | |||
| Rear Climate Control | |||
| RCC | |||
| Remote Climate Control | |||
| RCM | |||
| Restraint Control Module | |||
| RCDLR | |||
| Remote Control Door Lock Receiver | |||
| RDCM | |||
| Right Door Control Module | |||
| RDM | |||
| Rear Door Module | |||
| RDS | |||
| Radio (broadcast) Data System | |||
| RDS | |||
| Radio Display System | |||
| rec | |||
| Receive | |||
| recal | |||
| Recalibrate, Recalibration | |||
| RECIS | |||
| Remote Entry Control and Immobilizer System | |||
| REDOX | |||
| Reduction Oxidation Catalytic Converter | |||
| REEGR | |||
| Rotary Electric EGR | |||
| REF | |||
| Reference | |||
| RESC | |||
| Remote Emergency Satellite Unit | |||
| REX | |||
| Rear Exchanger | |||
| RF | |||
| Radio Frequency | |||
| RF | |||
| Right Front | |||
| RFA | |||
| Remote Function Actuator | |||
| RFF | |||
| Roller Finger Followers | |||
| RFI | |||
| Radio Frequency Interference | |||
| RFID | |||
| Radio Frequency Identification | |||
| RFWS | |||
| Right Front Wheel Speed | |||
| RH | |||
| Right Hand | |||
| RIM | |||
| Radio Interface Module | |||
| RIM | |||
| Rear Integration Module | |||
| RKE | |||
| Remote Keyless Entry | |||
| Rly | |||
| Relay | |||
| RM | |||
| Relay Module | |||
| RMD | |||
| Right Mid Door | |||
| ROM | |||
| Read Only Memory | |||
| RPA | |||
| Rear Parking Assist | |||
| RPM | |||
| Remote Power Module | |||
| RPM | |||
| Revolutions Per Minute | |||
| RPO | |||
| Regular Production Option | |||
| R&R | |||
| Remove and Replace | |||
| RR | |||
| Right Rear | |||
| RRD | |||
| Right Rear Door | |||
| RSA | |||
| Rear Seat Audio | |||
| RSC | |||
| Roll Stability Control | |||
| RSE | |||
| Roadside Equipment | |||
| RSS | |||
| Reverse Sensing System | |||
| RSS | |||
| Road Sensing Suspension | |||
| R/T | |||
| Road/Track | |||
| RT | |||
| Right | |||
| RTC | |||
| Real-Time Clock | |||
| RTD | |||
| Real Time Dampening | |||
| RTN | |||
| Return | |||
| RTT | |||
| Reconfigurable Telltale | |||
| RTTP | |||
| Rotunda Technician Tool Program | |||
| RTV | |||
| Room Temperature Vulcanizing | |||
| RV | |||
| Recreational Vehicle | |||
| RVAC | |||
| Rear Video/Audi/HVAC Module | |||
| RVP | |||
| Reid Vapour Pressure | |||
| RWAL | |||
| Rear Wheel Anti-lock | |||
| RWD | |||
| Rear Wheel Drive | |||
| RWS | |||
| Rear-Wheel Steer | |||
| S4WD | |||
| Selectable Four Wheel Drive | |||
| SAE | |||
| Society of Automotive Engineers | |||
| SAF | |||
| Stabilized Aluminum Foam | |||
| SAS | |||
| Side Auxiliary Sensor | |||
| SATC | |||
| Semi-Auto Temperature Control module | |||
| SAVDAS | |||
| Stand-Alone Vehicle Data Aquisition System | |||
| SAW | |||
| Spark Angle Word | |||
| SB | |||
| Short Box, Short Bed | |||
| SBDS | |||
| Service Bay Diagnostic System | |||
| SBEC | |||
| Single Board Engine Controller (replaced with PCM) | |||
| SBM | |||
| Standard Body Module | |||
| SBS | |||
| Supercharger Bypass Solenoid | |||
| SBT | |||
| Serial Bus Traveller | |||
| SC | |||
| Supercharger | |||
| SCA | |||
| Supplemental Coolant Additive | |||
| SCB | |||
| Supercharger Bypass | |||
| SCCA | |||
| Sports Car Club of America | |||
| SCI | |||
| Serial Communications Interface | |||
| SCIL | |||
| Steering Column/Instrument panel Lighting | |||
| SCM | |||
| Seat Control Module | |||
| SCP | |||
| Standard Corporate Protocol | |||
| SCS | |||
| Side Crash Sensor | |||
| SCTM | |||
| Seatbelt Timer Control Module | |||
| SCV | |||
| Speed Controlled Volume | |||
| SDARS | |||
| Satellite Digital Audio Radio System | |||
| SDL | |||
| Serial Data Link | |||
| SDM | |||
| Sensing and Diagnostic Module | |||
| SDRS | |||
| Satellite Digital Receiver System | |||
| SDS | |||
| Satellite Discriminating Sensor | |||
| SDS | |||
| Shock Dampening System | |||
| SDV | |||
| Spark Delay Valve | |||
| SEFI | |||
| Sequential Electronic Fuel Injection (replaced with SFI) | |||
| SEMA | |||
| Specialty Equipment Market Association | |||
| SEO | |||
| Special Equipment Option | |||
| SES | |||
| Service Engine Soon (replaced with MIL) | |||
| SFI | |||
| Sequential (multiport) Fuel Injection | |||
| SGCM | |||
| Starter/Generator Control Module | |||
| SHO | |||
| Super High Output | |||
| SI | |||
| System International | |||
| SIAB | |||
| Side Impact Air Bag | |||
| SIACM | |||
| Side Impact Air Bag Control Module | |||
| SIG RTN | |||
| Signal Return | |||
| SIL | |||
| Shift Indicator Lamp | |||
| SIR | |||
| Supplemental Inflatable Restraint | |||
| SIS | |||
| Side Impact Sensor | |||
| SKIM | |||
| Sentry Key Imobilizer Module | |||
| SLB | |||
| Smart Junction Box | |||
| SLA | |||
| Short/Long Arm suspension | |||
| SMCC | |||
| Stepper Motor Cruise Control | |||
| SMEC | |||
| Single Module Engine Controller (replaced with PCM) | |||
| SMPI | |||
| Sequential Multi-Port Injection | |||
| SNSR | |||
| Sensor | |||
| SO2 | |||
| Sulphur Dioxide | |||
| SOC | |||
| State Of Charge | |||
| SOD | |||
| Side Object Detection | |||
| SOH | |||
| State of Health | |||
| sol | |||
| Solenoid | |||
| S/P | |||
| Series/Parallel | |||
| SP | |||
| Splice Pack | |||
| SPD | |||
| Speed | |||
| SPI | |||
| Serial Peripheral Interface | |||
| SPL | |||
| Smoke Puff Limiter | |||
| SPS | |||
| Service Programming System | |||
| SPS | |||
| Speed Signal | |||
| SPO | |||
| Service Parts Operations | |||
| SPOUT | |||
| Spark Output | |||
| SPRK_ACT | |||
| Spark Advance Actual | |||
| SPS | |||
| Service Programming System | |||
| SRC | |||
| Selective Ride Control | |||
| SRG | |||
| Solar-Reflective Glass | |||
| SRI | |||
| Service Reminder Indicator | |||
| SRI | |||
| Short Ram Intake | |||
| SrPP | |||
| Self-reinforced PolyPropylene | |||
| SRS | |||
| Supplemental Restraint System | |||
| SRW | |||
| Single Rear Wheel | |||
| SS | |||
| Shift Solenoid | |||
| SS | |||
| Speed Signal | |||
| SSM | |||
| Suspension Steering Module | |||
| SSS | |||
| Speed Sensitive Steering | |||
| SSV | |||
| Shift Solenoid Valve | |||
| ST | |||
| Scan Tool | |||
| ST | |||
| Short Term (Fuel Trim) | |||
| STAR | |||
| Self Test Automatic Readout (tester) | |||
| STAR | |||
| Stolen Auto Recovery System | |||
| STC | |||
| Snap To Connect | |||
| STC | |||
| Step Timing Control | |||
| stdby | |||
| Standby | |||
| STI | |||
| Self Test Input | |||
| STID | |||
| Station Identification | |||
| STL | |||
| Service Transmission Lamp | |||
| STO | |||
| Self Test Output | |||
| STS | |||
| Service Technicians Society | |||
| SULEV | |||
| Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle | |||
| SUV | |||
| Sport Utility Vehicle | |||
| SVO | |||
| Straight Vegetable Oil | |||
| SVS | |||
| Service Vehicle Soon | |||
| SVT | |||
| Special Vehicle Team | |||
| S/W | |||
| Software | |||
| sw | |||
| Switch | |||
| SWB | |||
| Short WheelBase (see SB) | |||
| SWC | |||
| Steering Wheel Controls | |||
| SWPS | |||
| Steering Wheel Position Sensor | |||
| SWS | |||
| SideWall tension Sensor | |||
| SXR | |||
| Send and Receive | |||
| syn | |||
| Synchronize | |||
| sys | |||
| System | |||
| TAB | |||
| Thermactor Air Bypass (replaced with AIRB) | |||
| TAC | |||
| Throttle Actuator Control | |||
| TACH | |||
| Tachometer | |||
| TACM | |||
| Throttle Actuator Control Module | |||
| TAD | |||
| Thermactor Air Divert (replaced with AIRD) | |||
| TAP | |||
| Transmission Adaptive Pressure | |||
| TAS | |||
| Trap Alert System | |||
| TB | |||
| Throttle Body | |||
| TBC | |||
| Truck Body Controller (or Computer) | |||
| TBI | |||
| Throttle Body Fuel Injection | |||
| TC | |||
| Transmission Control | |||
| TC | |||
| Turbocharger | |||
| TCC | |||
| Torque Converter Clutch | |||
| TCCS | |||
| Toyota Computer Controlled System | |||
| TCIL | |||
| Transmission Control Indicator Lamp | |||
| TCM | |||
| Transmission Control Module | |||
| TCS | |||
| Traction Control System | |||
| TCS | |||
| Transmission Control Switch | |||
| TDC | |||
| Top Dead Center | |||
| TDI | |||
| Toyota Direct Ignition | |||
| TED | |||
| Thermo Electric Device | |||
| tele | |||
| Telescope | |||
| TEMP | |||
| Temperature | |||
| TFI | |||
| Thick Film Integrated (replaced with DI) | |||
| TFP | |||
| Transmission Fluid Pressure | |||
| TFT | |||
| Transmission Fluid Temperature | |||
| TGS | |||
| Top Gear Switch | |||
| THEMIS | |||
| Thermal Management Intelligent System | |||
| THM | |||
| Turbo Hydra-Matic | |||
| THS | |||
| Transmission Hydraulic Switch | |||
| TID | |||
| Test Identification | |||
| TIIS | |||
| Thermal Imaging Inspection Station | |||
| TIM | |||
| Tyre Inflation Module | |||
| TIM | |||
| Tyre Inflation Monitor | |||
| TIS | |||
| Techline Information System | |||
| TOC | |||
| Transmission Oil Cooler | |||
| torq | |||
| Torque | |||
| TOT | |||
| Transmission Oil Temperature | |||
| TP | |||
| Throttle Position | |||
| TPA | |||
| Terminal Positive Assurance | |||
| TPI | |||
| Tuned Port Injection | |||
| TPMS | |||
| Tyre Pressure Monitor System | |||
| TPS | |||
| Throttle Position Sensor | |||
| TR | |||
| Transmission Range | |||
| T-RAC | |||
| Trailer Rotating Air Chamber | |||
| trans | |||
| Transmission/Transaxle | |||
| TRDU | |||
| Trailer Remote Diagnostic Unit | |||
| TRS | |||
| Transmission Range Sensor | |||
| TSA | |||
| Thorax Side Airbag | |||
| TSB | |||
| Technical Service Bulletin | |||
| TSI | |||
| Two Speed Idle | |||
| TSS | |||
| Transmission Speed Sensor | |||
| TSS | |||
| Turbine Shaft Speed | |||
| TT | |||
| Telltale Lamp | |||
| TTM | |||
| Tilt and Telescope Module | |||
| TTS | |||
| Transmission Temperature Switch (replaced with TOT) | |||
| TV | |||
| Television | |||
| TV | |||
| Throttle Valve | |||
| TVAM | |||
| Televison Antenna Module | |||
| TVR | |||
| Turbine Vane Regulator | |||
| TVRS | |||
| Television and Radio Suppression | |||
| TVS | |||
| Thermal Vacuum Switch | |||
| TVV | |||
| Thermal Vacuum Valve | |||
| TWC | |||
| Three Way Catalyst | |||
| TWC+OC | |||
| Three Way Catalyst + Oxidation Catalyst | |||
| twtr | |||
| Tweeter | |||
| TXV | |||
| Thermal Expansion Valve | |||
| UASID | |||
| Units And Scaling Identification | |||
| UART | |||
| Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter | |||
| UD | |||
| Underdrive | |||
| UDDS | |||
| Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule | |||
| U/H | |||
| Underhood | |||
| U/HEC | |||
| Underhood Electrical Center | |||
| UIDI | |||
| Up-Integrated Direct Ignition | |||
| ULEV | |||
| Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle | |||
| ULSD | |||
| Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel | |||
| UMTS | |||
| Universal Mobile Telecommunications System | |||
| unlk | |||
| Unlock | |||
| USCAR | |||
| United States Council for Automotive Research | |||
| UTD | |||
| Universal Theft Deterrent | |||
| UTQG | |||
| Uniform Tyre Quality Grading | |||
| V | |||
| Volts | |||
| V2G | |||
| Vehicle to Grid | |||
| VAC | |||
| Vacuum | |||
| VAC | |||
| Vehicle Access Code | |||
| VACS | |||
| Vehicle Access Control System | |||
| VAF | |||
| Vane Air Flow | |||
| VAF | |||
| Volume Air Flow | |||
| VAPS | |||
| Variable Assist Power Steering | |||
| VAPS | |||
| Virtual Automotive Prototyping System | |||
| VASCO | |||
| Vehicle Application-Specific Computer | |||
| VAT | |||
| Vane Air Temperature (replaced with IAT) | |||
| VAT | |||
| Visual Authoring Tool | |||
| VATS | |||
| Vehicle AntiTheft System | |||
| VB | |||
| Valve body | |||
| VCC | |||
| Viscous Converter Clutch | |||
| VCI | |||
| Vehicle Communication Interface | |||
| VCIM | |||
| Vehicle Communication Interface Mode | |||
| VCL | |||
| Vehicle Communication Link | |||
| VCM | |||
| Variable Cylinder Management | |||
| VCM | |||
| Vehicle Communication Module | |||
| VCM | |||
| Vehicle Control Module | |||
| VCRM | |||
| Variable Control Relay Module | |||
| VCT | |||
| Variable Camshaft Timing | |||
| VDCS | |||
| Vehicle Dynamics Control System | |||
| V dif | |||
| Voltage Difference | |||
| VDIS | |||
| Vehicle Diagnostic Information System | |||
| VDM | |||
| Vehicle Dynamics Module | |||
| VDM | |||
| Vehicle Dynamics Monitor | |||
| VDOT | |||
| Variable Displacement Orifice Tube | |||
| VDP | |||
| Vehicle Dynamics Processor | |||
| VDR | |||
| Vehicle Data Recorder | |||
| VDR | |||
| Vehicle Dealer Recorder | |||
| VDS | |||
| Valve Deactivation System | |||
| VDV | |||
| Vacuum Delay Valve | |||
| VECI | |||
| Vehicle Emission Control Information | |||
| VEDR | |||
| Vehicle Event Data Recorder | |||
| veh | |||
| Vehicle | |||
| vel | |||
| Velocity | |||
| ver | |||
| Version | |||
| vert | |||
| Vertical | |||
| VES | |||
| Variable Effort Steering | |||
| VF | |||
| Vacuum Flourescent | |||
| VGT | |||
| Variable Geometry Turbocharger | |||
| VIC | |||
| Virtual Image Cluster module | |||
| VICS | |||
| Vehicle Information Communication System | |||
| VIIC | |||
| Vehicle Infrastructure Integration Consortium | |||
| VIN | |||
| Vehicle Identification Number | |||
| VIP | |||
| Vehicle Intrusion Protection | |||
| VIU | |||
| Vehicle Interface Unit | |||
| VLCM | |||
| Variable Load Control Module | |||
| VLR | |||
| Voltage Loop Reserve | |||
| vlv | |||
| Valve | |||
| VMM | |||
| Vehicle Measurement Module | |||
| VMRS | |||
| Vehicle Maintenance Reporting System | |||
| VMV | |||
| Vacuum Modulator Valve | |||
| VMV | |||
| Vapour Management Valve | |||
| VNT | |||
| Variable Nozzle Turbine | |||
| VNT | |||
| Variable Nozzle Turbocharger | |||
| VOTM | |||
| Vacuum Operated Throttle Modulator | |||
| VPWR | |||
| Vehicle Power | |||
| VR | |||
| Vacuum Regulator | |||
| VREF | |||
| Voltage Reference | |||
| VRLA | |||
| Valve Regulated Lead Acid | |||
| VRV | |||
| Vacuum Reducer Valve | |||
| VRIS | |||
| Variable Resonance Induction System | |||
| VS | |||
| Variable Speed | |||
| VSC | |||
| Vehicle Stability Control | |||
| VSES | |||
| Vehicle Stability Enhancement System | |||
| vspd | |||
| Vehicle speed | |||
| VSS | |||
| Vehicle Speed Sensor | |||
| VSV | |||
| Vacuum Solenoid Valve | |||
| VTA | |||
| Vehicle Theft Alarm | |||
| VTD | |||
| Vehicle Theft Deterrent | |||
| VTEC | |||
| Variable (valve) Timing (and lift) Electronic Control | |||
| VTSS | |||
| Vehicle Theft Security System | |||
| VVT-i | |||
| Variable Valve Timing with Intelligence | |||
| VVTL-i | |||
| Variable Valve Timing and Lift with Intelligence | |||
| w/ | |||
| With | |||
| WAC | |||
| Wide Open Throttle A/C Cutoff | |||
| warn | |||
| Warning | |||
| W/B | |||
| Wheelbase | |||
| WCF | |||
| Wireless Communication Framework | |||
| WDS | |||
| Workbay Diagnostic System | |||
| WDS | |||
| Worldwide Diagnostic System | |||
| WGC | |||
| Wastegate Control | |||
| WHL | |||
| Wheel | |||
| WIF | |||
| Water In Fuel (sensor) | |||
| w/o | |||
| Without | |||
| WOT | |||
| Wide Open Throttle | |||
| W/P | |||
| Water Pump | |||
| WSM | |||
| WorkShop Manual | |||
| WSS | |||
| Wheel Speed Sensor | |||
| WU-OC | |||
| Warmup Catalyst with Oxidation Catalyst | |||
| WU-TWC | |||
| Warmup Catalyst with Three Way Catalyst | |||
| WVO | |||
| Waste Vegetable Oil | |||
| WVVWS | |||
| Wireless Vehicle to Vehicle Warning System | |||
| X-valve | |||
| Expansion Valve | |||
| xVDS | |||
| Extended Vehicle Diagnostic System | |||
| ZEV | |||
| Zero Emission Vehicle |
